Inorganic

Reade is proud to offer cutting-edge powders designed for many additive manufacturing applications. Our additive powders are meticulously crafted using state-of-the-art atomization technology. These metal additive powders have undergone rigorous testing and have proven their grit in various additive processes. Whether it's powder bed fusion, direct energy deposition, or binder jet technology, our powders consistently deliver exceptional performance, making them a reliable choice for diverse applications. Embracing metal additive manufacturing processes, often called metal 3D printing, marks a paradigm shift in design freedom, cost-effective manufacturing, and supply chain optimization. These proven processes are revolutionizing industries such as aerospace, oil and gas, automotive, energy, and medical sectors, allowing for the swift and efficient development and deployment of high-performance parts.

Aluminum Oxide (Al₂O₃), or alumina, is one of the most versatile refractory ceramic oxides that finds use in a wide range of applications. It is white, amorphous, and inert. It is the most common technical ceramic material used today. The versatility of alumina stems from its broadly impressive material properties, ease of manufacture, wide availability, and budget-friendly cost. It has high heat resistance, high thermal conductivity, high strength and hardness, high electrical insulation, high corrosion resistance and is biocompatible. Purities available range from 95% (industrial grade) to 99.999% (high purity grade) and the product is also available to MIL-A-22262B.

Aluminum bronze is a copper-based alloy of which aluminum is the main alloying metal added to copper. The aluminum adds strength, corrosion resistance, hardness, resistance to wear and galling, low magnetic permeability, resistance to cavitation, erosion, softening, and oxidation at elevated temperatures. Aluminum bronze also offers an ease of weldability. These spherical aluminum bronze powders offer excellent packing density, low viscosity mixing, and predictable flow rates.

Aluminum titanate, or aluminum titanium oxide, is a ceramic material consisting of a mixture of alumina (Al₂O₃) and titania (TiO₂) that has high thermal shock resistance (a very low coefficient of thermal expansion), low thermal conductivity, and optimal chemical resistance to molten metals. Granulations are available from 150 microns and finer. Purities from 99.0% to 99.9%

Ammonium perchlorate is a white, odorless, crystalline powder with the chemical formula NH₄ClO₄. It is a powerful oxidizer that can readily provide oxygen to support combustion. Ammonium perchlorate is stable under normal conditions; however, proper safety measures should be taken when working with ammonium perchlorate as it can react violently with certain chemicals, and its dust can be explosive. Reade offers ammonium perchlorate in three granulations and per MIL-A-192B. Custom granulations down to 50 microns are available upon request. Typical Assay as NH₄ClO₄: 98.8% Min.

Antimony(III) Sulfide (Sb₂S₃), or Antimony Trisulfide, is the most common antimony mineral and the chief source of the metal. It is a black needle-like crystal and semiconductor with a direct band gap of 1.8–2.5 eV. Purity: 98.0% up to 99.99% Powder sized down to nanometers

Attapulgite is a naturally mined clay. It is one of the main types of Fuller's Earth Clay. These clays can decolorize oil or other liquids without harsh chemical treatments. Attapulgite has very good colloidal properties. These include specific features in dispersion, high-temperature endurance, and salt and alkali resistance. Attapulgite also has certain plastic and adhesive characteristics.

Babbitt metals are one of several alloys used for the bearing surface in a plain bearing. Babbitt metals are characterized by their resistance to galling. The Babbitt metals provide sufficient softness for excellent conformability and embeddability, offering good fluid-forming properties. They are easily cast, can be rigidly bonded to Cast Iron, Steel, or Bronze, run satisfactorily against a Steel shaft, and show excellent corrosion resistance. Babbitting is a process by which softer metals are bonded chemically or mechanically to a shell or stiffener, which supports the weight and torsion of a rotating, oscillating, or sliding shaft. All Babbitt metals are available as Ingot.

Barium Ferrite (BaFe, BaFe₁₂2O₁₉) is a metal oxide that is a highly magnetic material and has a high packing density. The material is resistant to temperature change, corrosion, and oxidation, making it useful for long-term storage. Purity: 99.5%

The basalts are hard, dense fine-grained rocks of very dark color- green or black, composed mainly of plagioclase and pyroxene. Basalt can be made into fine, superfine, and ultra-fine fibers. Basalt fibers are considered superior to other fibers in terms of thermal stability, heat and sound insulation properties, vibration resistance, and durability. They offer the prospect of a completely new range of composite materials and products.

Bentonite is an absorbent swelling clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite (a type of smectite) which can either be Sodium (Na)-montmorillonite or Calcium (Ca)-montmorillonite. Na-montmorillonite has a considerably greater swelling capacity than Ca-montmorillonite. As a swelling clay, bentonite can absorb large quantities of water, which increases its volume by up to a factor of eight.

Beryllium oxide (BeO), also known as beryllia, is an inorganic compound that is a white crystalline solid and has a unique combination of thermal, electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. Beryllia is an electrical insulator and an excellent thermal conductor, with conductivity higher than any other non-metal except diamond and many metals. It is an ideal material for applications requiring large heat dissipation and dielectric and mechanical strength. Beryllia’s high melting point leads to its use as a refractory material.

Note: Beryllium oxide is toxic; beryllium oxide ceramics are not toxic.

Available purity 99.5%, 99.7%, and 99.98% trace metals basis

Beryllium is a silvery-white metal that is relatively soft and has a low density. Although it is the lightest structural metal, it has high tensile strength and stiffness. It has one of the highest melting points of light metals. At ordinary temperatures, beryllium resists oxidation in air and is resistant to concentrated nitric acid. Beryllium is nonmagnetic, offers excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, has a high heat capacity, and can take a high polish. Purity 98.0% up to 99.9999% pure, along with Be alloys

Beryllium Copper is a bronze-colored versatile high-strength copper-based alloy that has high electrical and thermal conductivity and high ductility. It is non-magnetic and non-sparking. It has good corrosion and oxidation resistance. It has excellent metalworking, forming, and machining qualities and can be stamped into complex shapes with tight tolerances

Black Nickel Oxide, Nickel(III) Oxide (Ni₂O₃), is a powerful and refractory colorant that can produce gray, blue and yellow. It has a high surface area and high chemical reactivity.

Boron (B) is a semi-metal of which several allotropes exist. Boron is very hard and very resistant to heat. One main allotrope is a brown amorphous powder when pure. It is more reactive than crystalline boron as it slowly oxidizes in the air and can react violently with acid. Military Specifications: MIL-B-51092 (ORD), PA-PD-451, OS 11608 Grade I SB95 (93%-97% Boron purity) Particle Size range 0.8 micron max FSSS Grade II SB90 (90%-92% Boron purity) Particle Size range 1.0 micron max FSSS Grade III SB86 (86%-89.9% Boron purity) Particle Size range 1.2 micron max FSSS SB2000 (55%-77% Boron purity)

Calcite is the most common form of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). It is a common mineral and a major constituent of limestone and marble. Calcite is an inexpensive crushed and screened white marble media that can be used to neutralize acidic or low pH waters to a neutral, less corrosive effluent. Highly variable in form and color, calcite is best recognized by its relatively low hardness (H = 3) and its high reactivity with even weak acids, such as vinegar. When acidic water reaches neutral pH, no more calcite is dissolved.

Calcium Carbonate Ca(CO₃) is a common substance found in rock and is the main component of shells of marine organisms, snails, pearls, and eggshells. Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime. It is produced by crushing, grinding, precipitation, and classifying high purity, white calcite limestone. Purities available from 98% to 99.9%

Round ceramic particles are used in vibratory finishing for polishing, grinding, and surface treatments. Various sizes are available to optimize the quality of your finished product, providing cost-effective, mass-produced results.

Cerium (Ce) is a rare earth metal that is an iron-gray, soft, ductile, and malleable metal. It is the most abundant of the rare earth elements. It is a reactive metal that rapidly oxidizes in air to form a superficial oxide coating. The metal reacts slowly with cold water and rapidly with hot water. It is readily dissolved in mineral acids and will react with most nonmetals on heating. Purity: 99.9-99.95%

Cerium(IV) oxide, or cerium dioxide, usually appears as a yellow powder that is insoluble in water and moderately soluble in strong mineral acids. Cerium oxide is slightly hygroscopic and will absorb small amounts of moisture and CO2 from the atmosphere. Purities are available from 98% (industrial grade) to 99.999% (high purity grade).

Reade offers 16 varieties of low-melting-point metals, known as Cerro alloys. These low-melt alloys are metal alloys that have melting temperatures that range between 117º F. and 440º F and contain a mixture of bismuth, lead, tin, cadmium, and/or indium. These alloys expand only ~3.3% of their volume when changing from liquid to solid form, making them ideal for many industrial applications.

Copper (Cu) is one of the most important elements. It is a reddish metal that is malleable and ductile with a bright metallic luster. Copper is a good conductor of heat and electricity (second only to silver in electrical conductivity). Purity from 98% to 99.999%

This aluminum oxide is a virgin fused white aluminum oxide. It is friable, high purity, medium density, and abrasive.

Ferro-Tic^® is a family of steel or alloy-bonded carbides and a registered trademark of Ferro-Tic Inc. Extremely hard titanium carbide grains are uniformly distributed through a hardenable steel or alloy matrix. Ferro-Tic alloys are readily machinable in the annealed condition. After machining, they can be hardened up to 70 HRC. Seven different grades of Ferro-Tic^® have been formulated to provide a variety of physical and mechanical properties depending on the operating environment. Ferro-Tic^® alloys have outstanding properties to withstand the wear caused by corrosion and abrasion and outlast conventional tool steels by 10x. They increase parts' lifetime and productivity via their superior wear resistance while being 10-20% lighter than their steel counterpart and about 50% lighter than tungsten carbide.

Ferro titanium is an alloy composed of iron (Fe) and titanium (Ti). Reade offers a 40% Ferro titanium that is a low aluminum grade. Ferro titanium is used to increase strength, toughness, and resistance to corrosion. It also improves the weldability and machinability of metals it is added to.

Ferroboron (FeB) is an iron-boron alloy containing 10-20% boron. This ferroalloy is the most economical boron additive for steel and several other ferrous metals. It is added to the steel to improve its properties and used in producing amorphous metals.

FerroChromium (FeCr) is an alloy containing Iron and Chromium, generally containing 50 to 70% chromium by weight. This ferroalloy is used in producing steel, especially stainless steel, to achieve corrosion resistance, tensile strength, heat resistance, and yield strength.

FerroNiobium (FerroColumbium, FeNb) is an alloy of iron and niobium, with a niobium content of 60-70%. This ferroalloy is the main source of niobium alloying of high-strength low-alloy steel (HSLA), increasing steel’s corrosion resistance while making it stronger and lighter than pure steel. Ferroniobium powder helps to increase resistance during high temperatures and prevents corrosion, oxidation, and erosion.

FerroPhosphorus is an alloy of iron and phosphorus. This ferroalloy contains high proportions of Iron Phosphides, Fe₂P, and Fe₃P. Ferrophosphorus is used in many industrial applications, and it is becoming increasingly popular in the manufacture of steel as the addition of it increases the steel's corrosion resistance and strength. It also works as a deoxidizing agent. Ferrophosphorus enhances molten iron's fluidity, improving iron alloys' casting performance.

Ferrosilicon (FeSi) is an alloy of iron and silicon used in steel production. This ferroalloy is used in steel production and casting, increasing hardness and deoxidizing properties and improving the strength and quality of iron steel products.

FerroTantalum (FeTa), is an alloy containing iron and tantalum. This ferroalloy is used as an additive in the iron and steel industries to form stronger, hardened special steels. The appearance is dark gray.

Ferrotungsten (FeW) is an alloy containing iron and tungsten. This ferroalloy is used for the production of tungsten-containing steels. Ferro tungsten typically consists of either 75-82% or 70-75% tungsten, depending on its grade. This master alloy is a robust alloy with a high melting point, and the addition of tungsten overcomes iron's brittleness, making it a durable material.

Ferrovanadium (FeV) is an alloy containing Iron and Vanadium that contains 35-80% vanadium. This ferroalloy is used as an additive to improve the quality of ferroalloys and in manufacturing steel products that need to be lightweight and have high tensile strength. It improves steel's resistance from corrosion to sulfuric and hydrochloric acids and alkali solutions.

Forsterite is a crystalline Magnesium Silicate (Mg₂(SiO₄) that is a member of the Olivine Group. It is an excellent birefringent material with a wide transparency range that has extremely low electrical conductivity and superior mechanical properties. It is calcined and milled under controlled conditions and can be modified to meet priority specifications. Synthetic forsterite is available, and it has as high an iron content (<11%) as Fayalite.

Fumed Silica, also known as pyrogenic silica, are powders that are available with either hydrophobic or hydrophilic surfaces. They are made with a flame, resulting in an extremely small particle with a three-dimensional structure with low bulk density and high surface area, making this powder useful as a thickener or reinforcing filler.

Gold (Au) Metal is a soft, ductile, and malleable metal with a characteristic yellow color. It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and is chemically unreactive to most reagents, including oxidation. It is an excellent reflector of infrared and is extremely light-reflective. The freezing point of gold serves as a calibration point for the International Temperature Scales. It is often alloyed with other metals to enhance its strength.

99% up to 99.999%

Hastelloy is used for a wide range of chemical processing, pollution control, and waste treatment applications to protect equipment from aqueous corrodents.

Hexagonal boron nitride is an inorganic compound that’s chemistry enables it to form structures that are isoelectronic with carbon allotropes, including a flat, hexagonal crystal structure similar to graphite. It is a white powder that is very hard and chemically and thermally stable.

Inconel alloys are a class of nickel-chrome-based super alloys characterized by high corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, strength at high temperatures, and creep resistance. Inconel, however, is harder to machine and harder to work than other alloys. Different Inconels have varying compositions, but all are predominantly nickel, with chromium as the second element. Inconel 600 is a nickel-chromium alloy designed for use from cryogenic to elevated temperatures in the range of 2000 deg F Inconel 617 is a material with excellent resistance to pitting, crevice, and corrosion cracking, has high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance. The alloy also has excellent resistance to a wide range of corrosive environments Inconel 625 is highly resistant to a wide range of organic and mineral acids. Good high-temperature strength. Inconel 718 is a Gamma Prime strengthened alloy with excellent mechanical properties at elevated temperatures and cryogenic temperatures. Suitable for temperatures up to around 1300 F. Can be readily worked and age-hardened.

Invar 36 Alloy is a solid single-phase alloy that primarily consists of 36% nickel and iron. Nickel Alloy 36 has a low coefficient of expansion and possesses a thermal expansion rate of approximately one-tenth that of carbon steel. This nickel-iron alloy is tough, versatile, retains good strength at wide ranges of temperature, can be hot and cold formed and machined, and is also weldable.

Iron (III) hydroxide, Ferric hydroxide (Fe(OH)₃), is frequently used as an adsorbent to remove various heavy metals (i.e., arsenic and chromium) from contaminated soil and water. Ferric hydroxide granular is available in two phases Fe(OH₃) and ß-FeOOH. Please note: Ferric hydroxide slurry is not a stocked product; 2 - 3 weeks lead time is necessary for production. The slurry will discolor over time and separate since Ferric hydroxide is not soluble in water and must be mixed very well before use.

A very fine powder of ferric oxide, Iron(III) oxide, is known as jeweler's rouge, red rouge, or simply rouge. It is used to put the final polish on metallic jewelry and lenses and has been used historically as a cosmetic. Rouge cuts more slowly than some modern polishes, such as cerium(IV) oxide, but it is still used in optics fabrication and by jewelers for its superior finish. It can be applied on buffing wheels by gently pressing the compound to the spinning wheel. The heat and friction of the spinning wheel will transfer a small amount of the compound onto the wheel for polishing. This extremely fine compound will not scratch or cut away the finest or softest of metals and is used to polish gold, silver, brass, copper, and nickel to a mirror finish. When polishing gold, the rouge slightly stains the gold, which contributes to the appearance of the finished piece. Rouge is sold as a powder, paste, laced on polishing cloths, or solid bar (with a wax or grease binder). The rouge cloth has a side impregnated with red jewelers' rouge for polishing and cleaning surface oxidation. The other side is a cloth for final polishing.

Mg-AL Alloys with high amounts of magnesium (around 50%) are brittle and more susceptible to corrosion than aluminum making them unsuitable for most engineering uses. These alloys are flammable when powdered, are more resistant to corrosion than pure magnesium, and are more reactive than pure aluminum, making them useful for pyrotechnics as a metal fuel and to produce sparks. The brittleness of the alloy makes it easily broken by a hammer and ground into usable powder, which is beneficial for pyrotechnics. Magnesium Aluminum powder is a silver-gray solid metallic powder.

Magnesium (Mg) is a light, moderately hard, silvery-white metal that ignites easily in the air and burns with a bright light. It is strong, has good heat dissipation and dampening, and is easy to weld, forge, cast or machine. It can improve the mechanical, fabrication, and welding characteristics when used as an alloying agent since it has a low density and is the lightest structural metal (a third lighter than aluminum). It also has good electrical properties. Magnesium turnings and chips are produced by milling commercial and high-purity magnesium, keeping size under control to obtain the desired specific surface and reactivity. They are silver-white. initially, but can turn to a dark gray if stored improperly. Purity: Standard purity (99.8% Mg) Ultra-high purity (99.98% Mg)

Magnesium (Mg) Powder is a light, moderately hard, silvery-white metal that ignites easily in the air and burns with a bright light. It is strong, has good heat dissipation and dampening, and is easy to weld, forge, cast or machine. It can improve the mechanical, fabrication, and welding characteristics when used as an alloying agent since it has a low density and is the lightest structural metal (a third lighter than aluminum). It also has good electrical properties. Purity: 99.95% ("ultra-pure" magnesium) 99.8% ("pure" magnesium) 99.7% or less (alloyed magnesium)

Magnesium oxide is a mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium. MgO has the acid buffering capacity and related effectiveness in stabilizing dissolved heavy metal species. Pharmaceutical Grade: Must conform to the USP, JP, and BP specifications Food Additive Grade: Must conform to the FCC specification Additional particle sizes available

Manganese Dioxide (MnO₂), or Manganese (IV) Oxide, is a blackish or brown solid that occurs naturally as the mineral pyrolusite, the main ore of manganese.

Manganese Oxide (MnO), or Manganese (II) Oxide, is a green crystalline compound

Manganin is a trademarked name for an alloy of typically 86% copper, 12% manganese, and 2% nickel. It has a very low-temperature coefficient of the resistance value, and its electrical resistance is found to be constant over a range of temperatures.

Nanoclays, also known as Montmorillonite, Bentonite, and Smectite, are non-metallic clays primarily composed of hydrated sodium calcium aluminum silicate. This clay mineral has a 2:1 expanding crystal lattice that allows water to move between the sheets, giving it very plastic properties, as they can swell or shrink as water accumulates or leaves between the layers. Their volume can increase up to six times by water absorption and form stable gels. Reade offers hydrophilic bentonite Nanoclay. H2Al2O6Si

Nanorods, or quantum rods, are short nanowires that seem rigid and straight and are one-dimensional structures that provide a directed path for electrical transport. They are shaped like long sticks or dowels with a diameter in the nanoscale but a length that is much longer and aspect ratios between 2 and 50. Their mechanical, electrical, and optical properties depend upon their size, allowing for multiple applications. Also, nanorods may be functionalized for different applications.

Neodymium (Nd) is a rare earth metal that is a soft, malleable, silvery-white metal and tarnishes in the air. It is one of the more reactive rare earth metals. It has a high electrical resistivity and is paramagnetic.

Purity 99-99.999%

Nickel-Chromium Alloys (NiCr), or Nichrome, are composed of different ratios of nickel and chromium, with the most common being Nichrome 80/20. Nichrome is silver-gray in color, is very durable, and has a very high melting point of ~1400 degrees C. It is resistant to electrical flow, heat, corrosion, and wear. This resistance to oxidation makes nichrome popular for use in heating elements.

An alloy of nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn) used as a master alloy (NiM)

NIMONIC alloys are primarily composed of nickel and chromium, with other metals, such as titanium or aluminum, added in depending on the variety. These alloys are known for their high temperature, low creep, and high performance. Due to its ability to withstand very high temperatures, Nimonic is ideal for aircraft parts and gas turbine components, such as exhaust nozzles on jet engines, where the pressure and heat are extreme.

Niobium (Nb), also referred to as Columbium, is a silvery metal that is very resistant to corrosion due to a layer of oxide on its surface. It has superconductive properties and is comparatively soft and ductile when very pure. Niobium improves strength when used in alloying. 99.8% up to 99.99%

Permalloy (Ni-Fe) is the generic term for a nickel-iron magnetic alloy with about 20% iron (Fe) and 80% nickel (Ni) content (although other formulations are available. It has a very high magnetic permeability, low coercivity, near zero magnetostriction, and significant anisotropic magnetoresistance. These properties are critical for its industrial applications, allowing it to be used in thin films where variable stresses would otherwise cause large variations in magnetic properties. Superalloy (Ni-Fe-Mo) is an alloy composed of Ni (75%), Fe (20%), and Mo (5%) and is a magnetically soft material with extremely high magnetic permeability and low coercivity.

Reade’s piezoelectric alloy powders are ceramics that can generate a voltage in response to mechanical stress. The following categories of piezoelectric powder are available from Reade: Bismuth Titanate (BiT) Lead Titanate (PT) Barium Titanate (BT) Lead Metaniobate Hard Lead Titanate Zirconate (Hard PZT ) Soft Lead Titanate Zirconate (Soft PZT) "Soft" and "hard" piezo ceramics refer to dipole or domain mobility along with polarization and depolarization behavior. The use or application of the powder will determine which alloy powder is best. For example, soft piezoceramics with low polarity reversal field strengths are used for actuator applications, whereas a hard PZT material is used in high-power acoustic applications. Our lead-free piezo ceramics (BiT and BT) are used especially as ultrasonic transducers or crystalline actuator materials.

Platinum-Rhodium Alloy (PtRh) is a platinum-based binary alloy with up to 30% Rhodium that is a continuous solid solution at high temperatures. Rhodium improves the thermoelectricity, oxidation resistance, and acid corrosion resistance of the alloy to platinum. As the concentration of rhodium increases, so does the chemical resistance and hardness of the alloy.

Praseodymium (Pr) is a rare earth metal that is soft, silvery-yellow, malleable, and ductile. It is more corrosion-resistant in the air than other rare earth metals. Praseodymium is never found free in nature, appearing only in a combined form with other rare earth metals in various minerals. Praseodymium forms brightly colored compounds. Purity 99-99.9%

Rubidium (Ru) is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal. It is very electropositive and alkaline. Rubidium forms amalgams with mercury and alloys with gold, cesium, sodium, and potassium. It is highly reactive, igniting spontaneously in air and reacting vigorously in water. Rubidium has a high heat capacity and heat transfer coefficient. Purity 99.9%

This is a synthetically produced Sapphire. Single crystal Sapphire has a high thermal conductivity, volume resistivity, hardness and wear resistance, and a high upper-use temperature. The energy band gap is large (10eV). Sapphire is a transparent material with a useful wavelength transmission of 0.2 to 5.5 microns. It is much stronger than glass and can be used to view windows in high-pressure and vacuum applications. It employs transparency and extraordinary scratch resistance to glass. Purity: 99.9%

Shape Memory Alloys are metallic materials that return to their original shape even if they become deformed after heating. These metals also have a quality called superelasticity.

Silica Gel is an amorphous and porous form of silicon dioxide. It is a rigid 3D network of colloidal silica whose voids may contain liquid or gas. Silica gel is classified as aquagel (pores are filled with water), xerogel (by evaporation, the aqueous phase in the pores is removed), and aerogel (solvent removed by supercritical extraction).

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a hard, covalently bonded light grey solid that is nearly as hard as diamond. It is a refractory material (high melting point) with excellent thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion. It displays good thermal shock resistance, corrosion resistance, and stiffness. Silicon carbide is a semiconductor.

Silicon germanium (SiGe) is an alloy that forms very high-speed transistors that can attain switching speeds greater than traditional semiconductors. This enables faster, more efficient devices to be manufactured using smaller, less noisy circuits than conventional silicon conductors. SiGe alloys consume less power, and extending the battery life of hand-held devices allows greater integration of components onto chips.

Sillimanite (Al₂SiO₅) is an aluminosilicate mineral.

Smectite, Magnesium Aluminum Silicate products are water-washed smectite clays that serve as suspension stabilizers, emulsion optimizers, and rheology modifiers. The powder is light tan.

How hydraulic, automotive, and aerospace application components perform when exposed to particles of sand and dust is essential during use as well as lifetime durability and performance. Sand and dust test standards address environmental conditions that materials and products may face during operation so contamination by solid particles can be controlled. These standard reference materials have been designed to improve precision and accuracy in particle counting.

Thallium (Tl) is a soft, silvery-white metal that tarnishes easily; its use is limited due to its toxicity. Thallium is very soft and malleable, inelastic, and heavy. Purity: 99.9%, 99.99%, and 99.999%

High-Speed Steels / Tool Steel are high-performance special steels combining high toughness and hardness levels, have a high yield limit, high fatigue strength, and high fracture strength, and are suitable when abrasive/adhesive wear resistance is required. Tool steels can hold a cutting edge, resist deformation at elevated temperatures, and are useful for making objects intended to resist tampering (such as locks and hinges). Substantial proportions of elements like tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, and chromium, which can form carbides, give tool steel these properties.

Molybdenum alloy TZM is an alloy of molybdenum, titanium, zirconium, and carbon. It has a higher recrystallization temperature, creep strength, and tensile strength than pure molybdenum. AM TZM Powder in two particle size options to accommodate different additive manufacturing techniques. Choose from L-PBF (-50+15µm) and DED (-150+40µm) particle sizes. Additionally, if you have specific size requirements, we are equipped to produce custom sizes tailored to your needs.

Wood's metal is used for heating baths in laboratories and as an antifriction metal. Wood's metal is useful as a low-melting solder, low-temperature casting metal, high-temperature coupling fluid in heat baths, and a fire-melted valve element in building fire sprinkler systems. Another common use is as a filler when bending thin-walled metal tubes. Other uses include making custom-shaped apertures and blocks (for example, electron-beam cutouts and lung blocks) for medical radiation treatment and making metal inlays in the wood. Wood's metal is also useful for repairing antiques.

Ytterbium is used as a dopant to help improve the mechanical properties of stainless steel. It is also used as a doping material in specialty lasers. Other areas where Ytterbium is being used are memory devices and as an industrial catalyst to replace other catalysts considered too toxic and polluting due to its chemical racing ability.

Yttrium (Y) is a moderately soft, ductile, silvery rare earth metal. It is quite stable in the air and is reactive with most acids. Purity 99-99.9%

Zero-Valent Iron (ZVI / NZVI / EZVI) is a form of elemental iron that reduces inorganic ions in water because ZVI is fairly reactive in water and can serve as an excellent electron donor. Zero-valent iron (ZVI) has been successfully used for the degradation of a wide range of organic contaminants in groundwaters in recent years, including selenium (Se), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg), and many other pollutants. The rate of degradation of contaminants may be enhanced by the use of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles which possess higher surface area than the more widely used granular materials. nZVI can also be used to create Emulsified Zero-valent Iron for groundwater treatment.

Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous metal with fair electrical conductivity. It is brittle at room temperature but malleable at 100 to 150ºC. Zinc is used predominantly as an alloy with other metals to galvanize them to prevent rusting. Various purities are available between 99.9% to 99.9999%.

Zirconium carbide (ZrC) is an extremely hard refractory ceramic material that is a gray metallic powder with a cubic crystal structure. It has good high-temperature mechanical properties, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, a high melting point, and strong chemical resistance. Under irradiation, it demonstrates low neutron absorption cross-section and weak damage sensitivity. Various standard granulations are available below 106 microns. Purities: 99.0% & 99.5%

Zirconium Diboride (ZrB₂), or zirconium diboride, is a hard, gray powder that melts at 3246°C and is classified as an ultra-high temperature ceramic (UHTC). It has a relatively low density of ~6.09 g/cm3 (dependent on hafnium impurity), good high-temperature strength and hardness, relatively high thermal and electrical conductivities, and strong neutron control ability. ZrB₂ is toxic.

Zirconium (III) nitride (ZrN) is a golden-yellow colored ceramic with high hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. The coating can be applied to various materials, including metals, ceramics, and plastics, to enhance durability and reduce surface wear and tear. Typical Purity 99.5%