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Metal Containing Compounds

Metal-containing compounds contain at least one metal atom or ion bonded to one or more non-metal atoms. These compounds can have a wide range of properties and applications and are essential in various fields such as materials science, catalysis, and biochemistry. They can further be categorized as metal-containing compounds based on their anion, i.e., oxides, nitrides, sulfides, etc.

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Alumina / Aluminum Oxide (Al₂O₃)

Aluminum Oxide (Al₂O₃), or alumina, is one of the most versatile refractory ceramic oxides that finds use in a wide range of applications. It is white, amorphous, and inert. It is the most common technical ceramic material used today. The versatility of alumina stems from its broadly impressive material properties, ease of manufacture, wide availability, and budget-friendly cost. It has high heat resistance, high thermal conductivity, high strength and hardness, high electrical insulation, high corrosion resistance and is biocompatible. Purities available range from 95% (industrial grade) to 99.999% (high purity grade) and the product is also available to MIL-A-22262B.

Aluminum Carbide (Al₄C₃)

Aluminum Carbide (Al₄C₃) is a powder yellow-green in color with a hexagonal crystal structure that is a reducing agent. It decomposes in dilute acid and decomposes to produce CH4 in cold water. It has approximately the same hardness as topaz.

Aluminum Nitride (AlN)

Aluminum Nitride (AlN) is a hard white crystalline solid with high thermal stability (Melting point of 2200ºC), high resistance, and low porosity. It is a ceramic with high–thermal conductivity and a low thermal expansion coefficient. It is used as an electronic substrate due to its high electrical resistance, low dielectric constant, and wide bandgap. Aluminum nitride component typical value = >96%

Aluminum Titanate (Al₂TiO₅)

Aluminum titanate, or aluminum titanium oxide, is a ceramic material consisting of a mixture of alumina (Al₂O₃) and titania (TiO₂) that has high thermal shock resistance (a very low coefficient of thermal expansion), low thermal conductivity, and optimal chemical resistance to molten metals. Granulations are available from 150 microns and finer. Purities from 99.0% to 99.9%

Ammonium Perchlorate (NH₄ClO₄)

Ammonium perchlorate is a white, odorless, crystalline powder with the chemical formula NH₄ClO₄. It is a powerful oxidizer that can readily provide oxygen to support combustion. Ammonium perchlorate is stable under normal conditions; however, proper safety measures should be taken when working with ammonium perchlorate as it can react violently with certain chemicals, and its dust can be explosive. Reade offers ammonium perchlorate in three granulations and per MIL-A-192B. Custom granulations down to 50 microns are available upon request. Typical Assay as NH₄ClO₄: 98.8% Min.

Ammonium Persulfate (NH₄)₂S₂O₈

Ammonium persulfate (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ is a white, odorless, crystalline powder that is a powerful oxidizing agent. Ammonium persulfate can be a hazardous material if not handled properly. It can cause skin irritation and eye damage upon contact, and its dust can be explosive when exposed to a spark or flame. Therefore, proper safety measures should always be taken when working with ammonium persulfate.

Andalusite (Al₂iO₅)

Andalusite is an aluminum silicate mineral that is a polymorph with two other minerals; kyanite and sillimanite. SiO₂= 56 - 75.0%, Al₂O₃=19.3 - 39.68% Purities are available from as high of a typical purity of 99.99% down to low purity powder. Typically 94 to 98.5%

Antimony Tin Oxide (ATO)

Antimony Tin Oxide (ATO) is a sustainable material due to its unique properties. ATO is an environmentally friendly alternative to Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) as a transparent conductor, which is widely used in touchscreens, flat-panel displays, and solar cells. ATO is made from readily available and low-cost raw materials, and its production does not generate hazardous waste or harmful byproducts. In addition, ATO is highly durable and can be recycled, making it a promising candidate for a circular economy. As a conductor with high optical transparency, ATO is an attractive option for a wide range of applications in the electronics industry. Its ability to be produced sustainably and recycled makes it an environmentally friendly choice for companies looking to reduce their Carbon footprint and contribute to a circular economy.

Barium Ferrite

Barium Ferrite (BaFe, BaFe₁₂2O₁₉) is a metal oxide that is a highly magnetic material and has a high packing density. The material is resistant to temperature change, corrosion, and oxidation, making it useful for long-term storage. Purity: 99.5%

Barium Fluoride (BaF₂)

Barium Fluoride (BaF₂) is a white, crystalline solid highly transparent to ultraviolet and infrared radiation, making it an excellent material for optical components. Barium fluoride is a good electrical insulator with high thermal stability, making it useful in high-temperature applications. It is chemically stable and resistant to many acids, bases, and other corrosive substances. Powder Typical Purity: 98.0% min. Pieces Typical Purity: 99.9%

Barium Sulfate (BaSO₄)

Barium Sulfate (BaSO₄), otherwise known as Blanc Fixe, is a heavy, white insoluble powder that is odorless and tasteless. It has a strong ability for absorbing X-rays, with X-rays being impermeable to it. Purity 92.0% to 99.0%

Barium Titanate (BaTiO₂)

Barium Titanate (BaTiO₂), barium titanium oxide, is a white crystalline solid with a melting point of 1,625ºC. It is widely used in electronic ceramics because it exhibits ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties with a photorefractive effect. It is insoluble in water but soluble in dilute acids and concentrated acids. It is a dielectric ceramic that can become semiconductors when doped with small amounts of transition metals like scandium, yttrium, neodymium, and samarium. Purity: 99.8% to 99.9%

Beryllia / Beryllium Oxide (BeO)

Beryllium oxide (BeO), also known as beryllia, is an inorganic compound that is a white crystalline solid and has a unique combination of thermal, electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. Beryllia is an electrical insulator and an excellent thermal conductor, with conductivity higher than any other non-metal except diamond and many metals. It is an ideal material for applications requiring large heat dissipation and dielectric and mechanical strength. Beryllia’s high melting point leads to its use as a refractory material.

Note: Beryllium oxide is toxic; beryllium oxide ceramics are not toxic.

Available purity 99.5%, 99.7%, and 99.98% trace metals basis

Bismuth Ferrite (BiFeO₃)

Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO₃), referred to as BFO, is an inorganic, synthesized, lead-free piezoelectric material that has multiferroic properties at room temperature and exhibits a ferroelectric photovoltaic (FPV) effect.

Bismuth Oxide (Bi₂O₃)

Bismuth(III) Oxide (Bi₂O₃) is the most industrially vital compound of bismuth. It is a highly insoluble and thermally stable Bismuth source suitable for glass, optic, and ceramic applications Purities available from 98% (industrial grade) to 99.9995% (ultra high purity grade)

Bismuth(III) Telluride (Bi₂Te₃)

Bismuth(III) Telluride (Bi₂Te₃) is a gray or black crystalline solid or gray powder that possesses excellent semiconductor activity. It is widely regarded as one of the best materials for room-temperature thermoelectric devices. Undoped Purity: 99.999%

Black Nickel Oxide - Nickel(III) Oxide (Ni₂O₃)

Black Nickel Oxide, Nickel(III) Oxide (Ni₂O₃), is a powerful and refractory colorant that can produce gray, blue and yellow. It has a high surface area and high chemical reactivity.

Cadmium Telluride (CdTe)

Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) is a brownish-black cubic crystalline compound that is a photonic material. It oxidizes on prolonged exposure to moist air and is insoluble in water and mineral acids except for nitric acid, in which it decomposes. It is etched by many acids, including hydrochloric and hydrobromic acid, forming (toxic) hydrogen telluride gas. CdTe is used in photovoltaic applications because of its low cost, direct band gap, high absorption coefficient, and ability to be easily doped Purity: 99% - ≥99.98%

Calcia Stabilized Zirconium Oxide (ZrO₂ + CaO)

Calcia Stabilized Zirconium Oxide (ZrO₂ ) is a fused version of zirconia that is stabilized by the addition of calcium oxide to handle higher temperatures than standard zirconia. Various purities range between 98-99.8% zirconia.

Calcined Magnesite (MgCO₃)

Calcined Magnesite (MgCO₃) is a highly reactive form of magnesium oxide (MgO) produced by calcining (burning) magnesite at a uniform temperature, yielding a high-quality, consistent, finely sized, synthetic magnesium oxide designed specifically for chemical processes requiring a rapid reaction rate and high-purity. MgO content min 90-96%

Calcite / Crushed Marble

Calcite is the most common form of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). It is a common mineral and a major constituent of limestone and marble. Calcite is an inexpensive crushed and screened white marble media that can be used to neutralize acidic or low pH waters to a neutral, less corrosive effluent. Highly variable in form and color, calcite is best recognized by its relatively low hardness (H = 3) and its high reactivity with even weak acids, such as vinegar. When acidic water reaches neutral pH, no more calcite is dissolved.

Calcium Carbonate Ca(CO₃)

Calcium Carbonate Ca(CO₃) is a common substance found in rock and is the main component of shells of marine organisms, snails, pearls, and eggshells. Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime. It is produced by crushing, grinding, precipitation, and classifying high purity, white calcite limestone. Purities available from 98% to 99.9%

Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspar) (CaF₂)

Calcium fluoride (CaF₂) is a white insoluble solid. It occurs as the mineral fluorite (also called fluorspar). In pure form, it is colorless and transparent or translucent with a glassy luster and has a significant phenomenon of fluorescence. Specialty Grades Available: Various screen mesh sizes down to superfine powder (45 microns)

Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)₂

Calcium Hydroxide Ca(Oh)₂, also known as slaked lime or hydrated lime, is a soft white crystalline, odorless powder with an alkaline, bitter taste. The standard hydrated lime is ultra-low lead and ultra-low heavy metals grade. The Vitacal^® H food grade meets the 13th edition of the food chemicals codex specifications. Both hydrated lime products offered by Reade are -325 mesh.

Cerium Oxide (CeO₂)

Cerium(IV) oxide, or cerium dioxide, usually appears as a yellow powder that is insoluble in water and moderately soluble in strong mineral acids. Cerium oxide is slightly hygroscopic and will absorb small amounts of moisture and CO2 from the atmosphere. Purities are available from 98% (industrial grade) to 99.999% (high purity grade).

Chromium (II) Carbide

Chromium carbide is a ceramic compound found in several compositions; Cr₃C₂, Cr₂₃C₆, and Cr₇C₃. It is silver-gray-colored with high-temperature oxidation-resistant properties. It has the highest oxidation resistance at high temperatures of all metal carbides. It is also resistant to acids and alkalis. It has excellent electrical conductivity, high hardness, a moderate melting point, and good chemical stability. Each composition is available as a -325 mesh powder and 99.5% pure.

Chromium Oxide (Cr₂O₃)

Chromium(III) Oxide (Cr₂O₃), Chromic oxide, is the stable primary oxide of chromium and is a blue-green color. In nature, it occurs as the rare mineral eskolaite and is used as a pigment. It was originally called Viridian. Purity available ≥98%

Chromium (VI) Oxide (CrO₃)

Chromium (VI) Oxide (CrO₃), also known as chromium(VI) oxide, chromic anhydride appears as dark red rhombic crystals or purple-red flakes which are soluble in water. It is also sometimes referred to as Chromic acid, H₂CrO₄; however, the acid exists only in solution. Chromium (VI) Oxide is also soluble in alcohol, sulfuric acid, and ether. It is highly reactive upon contact with reducing reagents and can cause an explosion. It is a powerful oxidizing agent, violently oxidizing organic matter that may lead to ignition, and is explosive in contact with acetone and other alcohols. It is a confirmed human carcinogen. Purities are available from 99% to 99.999%.

Chromium(IV) Oxide (CrO₂)

Chromium dioxide or chromium(IV) oxide is a black synthetic magnetic substance once widely used in magnetic tape emulsion. It is a good electrical conductor. It is highly insoluble, thermally stable, and a suitable chromium source for glass, optic, and ceramic applications.

Cobalt Oxides

Cobalt(II) Oxide (CoO) (also known as cobaltous oxide and cobalt monoxide) appears as olive-green to red crystals or grayish or black powder that is insoluble in water but soluble in acids and alkalis. It is a toxic solid. Cobalt(II,III) Oxide (Co₃O₄) (also known as tricobalt tetraoxide) is a fine powder that is an antiferromagnetic solid. It is insoluble in water but soluble in acids and alkalis. Cobalt Oxide Carcinogenicity: Cobalt and its compounds have been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals.

Cobalt(IV) Sulfide (CoS₂)

Cobalt sulfides are black, semiconducting, insoluble in water, and nonstoichiometric. Cobalt(IV) Sulfide (CoS₂) or Cobalt disulfide (CoS₂) Purity: 99.5%

Copper (II) Carbonate (CuCO₃)

Copper (II) carbonate, CuCO₃, also known as cupric carbonate, is a blue-green solid that is commonly used in various industrial applications, such as pigments, catalysts, and chemical synthesis. 55% min. Copper

Copper(I) Oxide (Cu₂O) / Copper(II) Oxide (CuO)

Copper(I) Oxide (Cu₂O), or Cuprous oxide, is a yellow to red or brown powder that is toxic and whose color varies based on the size of the particles. Copper(I) oxide has semiconductor properties. Copper(II) Oxide (CuO), or Cupric Oxide, is a black to brown/black amorphous crystalline powder that is insoluble in water and ethanol.

Corundum (Al₂O₃)

Corundum is a form of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) typically containing traces of iron, titanium, vanadium, and chromium. Corundum powder is a granular, white, odorless powder that is chemically inert. Corundum is a hard mineral with a high density and is the index mineral for a hardness of nine on the Mohs Hardness Scale.

Dental Aluminum Oxide Powder

This aluminum oxide is a virgin fused white aluminum oxide. It is friable, high purity, medium density, and abrasive.

Dolomite

Dolomite or calcium magnesium carbonate (CaMg(CO₃)₂) is derived from limestone. It is a crystalline carbonate mineral with a snow-white or gray color. Dolomite Powder Nominal Chemical Composition: CaO= 30.48%, MgO= 21.77%, Al₂O₃= 0.02%, Fe₂O₃= 0.04%, and SiO₂= 0.30%

Dysprosium Oxide (Dy₂O₃)

Dysprosium Oxide (Dy₂O₃), also referred to as Dysprosium Trioxide or Dysprosium(III) oxide, is an oxide compound of the rare earth metal dysprosium. It is a pastel yellowish-greenish-colored solid that is slightly hygroscopic and thermally stable. Purities range 99.9% to 99.999% (REO basis).

Erbium Oxide (Er₂O₃)

Erbium(III) Oxide (Er₂O₃), or Erbium Oxide, is a light pink paramagnetic solid. It is insoluble in water but soluble in mineral acids. Er₂O₃ is hygroscopic and will readily absorb moisture and CO2 from the atmosphere. Purity: 99.9-99.999%

Europium Oxide (Eu₂O₃)

Europium Oxide (Eu₂O₃) is a white insoluble powder that glows bright red under ultraviolet light Purity: 99.9-99.999%

Ferrophosphorus / Iron Phosphide Powder

FerroPhosphorus is an alloy of iron and phosphorus. This ferroalloy contains high proportions of Iron Phosphides, Fe₂P, and Fe₃P. Ferrophosphorus is used in many industrial applications, and it is becoming increasingly popular in the manufacture of steel as the addition of it increases the steel's corrosion resistance and strength. It also works as a deoxidizing agent. Ferrophosphorus enhances molten iron's fluidity, improving iron alloys' casting performance.

Forsterite (Magnesium Silicate) (Mg₂(SiO₄)

Forsterite is a crystalline Magnesium Silicate (Mg₂(SiO₄) that is a member of the Olivine Group. It is an excellent birefringent material with a wide transparency range that has extremely low electrical conductivity and superior mechanical properties. It is calcined and milled under controlled conditions and can be modified to meet priority specifications. Synthetic forsterite is available, and it has as high an iron content (<11%) as Fayalite.

Gadolinium Oxide (Gd₂O₃)

Gadolinium Oxide (Gd₂O₃) is a white powder that is highly insoluble and thermally stable. The purity available is 99.9%.

Gadolinium Zirconate (Gd₂O₇Zr₂)

Gadolinium zirconate (Gd₂O₇Zr₂) is a ceramic material that is very radiation-resistant. It also has low thermal conductivity and is corrosion-resistant.

Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)

Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) is an intermetallic compound that occurs as cubic crystals with a dark gray metallic sheen. It is among the most widely used intermetallic semiconductor components. Gallium arsenide is electroluminescent in infrared light and is a possible substitute for silicon substrates. It is a direct bandgap semiconductor with the potential for high-speed applications as it can operate at high frequencies (1.9 GHz) using low power consumption with high sensitivity. It is a toxic metal and questionable carcinogen. Typical Purity: 99.99% up to 99.999%

Gallium Nitride (GaN)

Gallium Nitride (GaN) is a very hard, mechanically stable wide-bandgap semiconductor material with high heat capacity and thermal conductivity. Gallium nitride emits visible light (particularly blue and green). Purity: 99.9%

Gallium(III) Chloride (GaCl₃)

Gallium(III) Chloride (GaCl₃), also known as Gallium trichloride, is an opaque to white crystal/powder with an acidic odor. It acts as a weak inorganic acid and is soluble in virtually all solvents, including alkanes, an unusual chemical property for a metal halide. Gallium(III) Chloride is highly corrosive and hygroscopic. Gallium Content (wt %): 39.59% Purity: 5N (99.999%)

Gallium(III) Nitrate (Ga(NO₃)₃

Gallium(III) Nitrate (Ga(NO₃)₃ (also called Gallium Trinitrate) is commercially available as a solution.

Gallium(III) Oxide (Ga₂O₃)

Gallium(III) Oxide is an ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor. It is a white powder that is insoluble in water but soluble in hot alkalis and acids. It has multiple polymorphs; however, the monoclinic β-phase is the most stable and has a melting point of 1900ºC. Purity: 99.995%

Green Nickel Oxide - Nickel(II) Oxide (NiO)

Green Nickel Oxide, Nickel(II) Oxide (NiO) is an inorganic metal oxide with a good semiconducting property used in the production of nickel alloys, salts, catalysts, fuel cells, and other chemicals. It exhibits high performance in applications that require charge transfer and charge transport-based processes.

Hafnium Diboride (HfB₂)

Hafnium diboride is a gray, metallic-looking, ultrahigh-temperature ceramic composed of Hafnium and Boron. It has relatively high thermal and electrical conductivity and a melting temperature of about 3250ºC. The material's oxidation resistance is temperature, and pressure dependent, where at 1500ºC and 1 atm of pressure, it shows resistance; however, at temperatures above 1600ºC and pressures drop below 1 atm, the oxidation resistance is dramatically reduced. Purities available 99% to 99.99%

Hafnium (IV) Carbide (HfC)

Hafnium (IV) carbide is a dark, gray, brittle solid that has high hardness and a very high melting point of over 3890°C. It is one of the most refractory binary compounds and is extremely hard. It has a high cross-section for the absorption of thermal neutrons. Purity: 99.5%

Hafnium Nitride (HfN)

Hafnium Nitride (HfN) is formed as yellow-brown and brittle solid with a melting point of 3310ºC It is an advanced ceramic powder and is among the most stable. It has excellent mechanical, electrical, optical, thermal, and corrosion resistance characteristics. It creates an abrasion-resistant, chemically inert outer film for cutting tools, a high temperature-resistant protective film with high hardness, wear resistance, and oxidation resistance. Purity: 99%-99.5%

Hafnium(IV) Oxide (HfO2)

Hafnium(IV) oxide is a colorless solid and is a common and stable compound of hafnium. It is an electrical insulator with low thermal expansion and a high inversion temperature. It has good cytocompatibility, high density, and corrosion and mechanical damage resistance. Hafnium(IV) oxide, while fairly inert, does react with concentrated strong acids and strong bases. Purities: 99.999% (Spectro grade) 99.95% (Zr= <0.5%) 99.9% (Vacuum deposition grade) 99% (Zr= <2%)

Hematite (Fe₂O₃)

Hematite, red iron oxide (Fe₂O₃), is the most important iron ore. It is the most abundant and is naturally found in rocks of all ages. Hematite’s appearance varies with wide luster, and color ranges from earthy to metallic and red to black to silver but always produces red streaks. It is very heavy and usually anti-ferromagnetic. It is also available as a synthetic product. Powder and particle granulations are available down to 0.003 microns (3 nanometers)

Holmium(III) Oxide (Ho₂O₃)

Holmium(III) Oxide (Ho₂O₃) is a light yellow powder that is insoluble in water but soluble in acid. It is one of the most powerful paramagnetic substances. Purity: 99.9% up to 99.999% (REO basis)

Hydrous Magnesium Silicate (Talc Powder)

Talc, or Hydrous Magnesium Silicate (3MgO.4SIO₂.H₂O), is a very fine, translucent to opaque, soft mineral with a white to grayish-white color. It is inert, odorless, and insoluble in water. Powder granulations available between 37 microns to 1.5 microns

Ilmenite (FeTiO₃)

Ilmenite (FeTiO₃) is a naturally mined black iron titanium oxide mineral that is used as a major source of titanium or titanium dioxide. It is heavy, moderately hard on the Mohs Scale, odorless, tasteless, opaque under a microscope, non-flammable, and insoluble at 20ºC.

Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)

Indium tin oxide (ITO, or tin-doped indium oxide) is a mixture of indium(III) oxide (In₂O₃) and tin(IV) oxide (SnO₂) (90% In₂O₃: 10% SnO₂ by weight). Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a yellow-green powder but transparent and colorless when deposited as a thin film (thicknesses of 1000-3000 angstroms). It is one of the most widely used transparent conducting oxides due to the combination of its electrical conductivity and optical transparency, the ease with which it can be deposited as a thin film, and its chemical resistance to moisture. Thin films of indium tin oxide are deposited by electron beam evaporation or a range of sputter deposition techniques, or other forms of physical vapor deposition. Typical Purity: 99.99% (metals basis)

Indium(III) Arsenide (InAs)

Indium(III) arsenide, InAs, or indium monoarsenide, is a semiconductor material that has the appearance of grey cubic crystals. It has a melting point of 942°C. It is a strong photo-dember emitter with superior electron mobility and velocity and a narrow energy bandgap. Purity: 99.999% (5N)

Indium(III) Oxide (In₂O₃)

Indium(III) Oxide (In₂O₃) is amphoteric and is a water and acid-insoluble crystalline compound. It is transparent and acts as a wide-bandgap semiconductor for (Opto) electronic applications Purity: 99.9% to 99.999%

Indium(III) Phosphide (InP)

Indium(III) Phosphide (InP) is a brittle metallic mass with a melting point of 1070ºC that is slightly soluble in mineral acids. It possesses superior electron velocity and a direct bandgap. InP is classified under a group of materials that belong to the III-V semiconductors. Purity: 99.999%

Iron Aluminide (Fe₃Al)

Iron Aluminide is a high-yield and ultimate tensile strength iron-based alloy with a lower density than stainless steel. It has excellent oxidation and sulfidation resistance at high temperatures.

Iron (II) Chromite (FeCr₂O)

Iron (II) Chromite (FeCr₂O₄) is a natural mineral, chromite, composed of Iron (II) Oxide (FeO) and Chromium (II) Oxide (Cr₂O₃) with varying amounts of impurities such as magnesium and aluminum substituting for the iron and chromium. It can also be made by sintering the two components at 1600 °C. It is an iron-black to brownish-black color with metallic to submetallic luster. It is the only commercial source of chromium and its compounds. It is hard and resistant to corrosion. Reade offers many types of Iron Chromite compositions. Contact us for product data on available compositions.

Iron (II, III) Oxide (Fe₃O₄)

Iron (II, III) Oxide (Fe₃O₄) is a black cubic crystal or amorphous powder that is insoluble in water, but soluble in acids that occur in nature as the mineral magnetite, the magnetic oxide of iron. Due to its main applications, Iron (II, III) Oxide is synthesized rather than extracted. Various powder granulations are available down to submicron and nanoparticle sizing, and various grades are available between 98% and 99.999% purity.

Iron (II) Oxide (FeO)

Iron (II) oxide is a synthetic black cubic crystal that occurs in the mineral wustite and is sometimes referred to as ferrous oxide that is formed due to incomplete oxidation of iron. It is insoluble in water and alkalis and is readily soluble in acids. Iron (II) Oxide easily oxidizes in air. 99.6% trace metals basis

Iron (III) Oxide (Fe₂O₃)

Iron (III) oxide (Fe₂O₃) is a synthetic reddish-brown hexagonal crystal that occurs in the mineral hematite and is sometimes referred to as ferric oxide. It is the principal ore of iron from which the metal and its alloys are produced. It is insoluble in water and dissolves in acids. Iron (III) oxide is low-cost, nontoxic, and environmentally friendly. Various powder granulations are available down to submicron and nanoparticle sizing, and various grades are available between 98% and 99.999% purity.

Iron Pyrite (FeS₂)

Iron pyrite (FeS₂), Iron (IV) Sulfide is a powder that appears as a fine, yellowish-brown powder. It is insoluble in water and acids, but can react with oxygen and moisture to form sulfuric acid, which can cause environmental problems when exposed to air and water. Iron pyrite can also release toxic sulfur dioxide fumes when heated or burned. Sulfex is prepared from carefully selected pure monocrystalic iron pyrites (FeS₂) and consists of finely grained pyrite crystal splinters, increasing the thermal conductivity and tensile strength of the porosity of resin-bonded grinding wheels and cut-off wheels. It can be used alone or with other active fillers in organic bonded abrasives.

Iron(III) Hydroxide (Ferric Hydroxide)

Iron (III) hydroxide, Ferric hydroxide (Fe(OH)₃), is frequently used as an adsorbent to remove various heavy metals (i.e., arsenic and chromium) from contaminated soil and water. Ferric hydroxide granular is available in two phases Fe(OH₃) and ß-FeOOH. Please note: Ferric hydroxide slurry is not a stocked product; 2 - 3 weeks lead time is necessary for production. The slurry will discolor over time and separate since Ferric hydroxide is not soluble in water and must be mixed very well before use.

Jeweler's Rouge (Fe₂O₃)

A very fine powder of ferric oxide, Iron(III) oxide, is known as jeweler's rouge, red rouge, or simply rouge. It is used to put the final polish on metallic jewelry and lenses and has been used historically as a cosmetic. Rouge cuts more slowly than some modern polishes, such as cerium(IV) oxide, but it is still used in optics fabrication and by jewelers for its superior finish. It can be applied on buffing wheels by gently pressing the compound to the spinning wheel. The heat and friction of the spinning wheel will transfer a small amount of the compound onto the wheel for polishing. This extremely fine compound will not scratch or cut away the finest or softest of metals and is used to polish gold, silver, brass, copper, and nickel to a mirror finish. When polishing gold, the rouge slightly stains the gold, which contributes to the appearance of the finished piece. Rouge is sold as a powder, paste, laced on polishing cloths, or solid bar (with a wax or grease binder). The rouge cloth has a side impregnated with red jewelers' rouge for polishing and cleaning surface oxidation. The other side is a cloth for final polishing.

Lanthanum Carbide (LaC₂)

Lanthanum carbide (LaC₂) is a water-reactive and flammable yellow crystalline solid. Purities between 99% and 99.9%

Lanthanum(III) Oxide (La₂O₃)

Lanthanum(III) oxide, or Lanthana, is a white, water-insoluble solid. It can be dissolved in an acidic solution and is hygroscopic. Lanthanum oxide has p-type semiconducting properties. It has the largest bandgap of the rare earth metal oxides (4.3 eV), the lowest lattice energy, and a very high dielectric constant. Lanthana confers increased density, refractive index, and hardness to optical glasses. Purities available are between 99.9% and 99.999%

Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)

Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT), or Lead zirconium titanium oxide, is a white (to off-white) solid which is a ceramic perovskite material that shows a marked piezoelectric effect with a large relative permittivity. Purity: 99.9%

Lead(II) Oxide (PbO) / Litharge

Litharge, a natural form of Lead(II) Oxide, sometimes referred to as Lead Monoxide, is a poisonous yellow or reddish-yellow solid. It is known to increase the refractive index and electrical resistivity of glass while decreasing the viscosity. It also increases the ability of the glass to absorb X-rays. In industrial ceramics, Litharge makes the materials more magnetically and electrically inert. Purity: 99.0% to 99.999%

Lead(II) Sulfide (PbS)

Lead(II) Sulfide (PbS) is a soft, silvery to black irregularly shaped crystalline powder that is stable at ambient temperature. It is insoluble in water and diluted acids but soluble in HN02 and dilute hot HCl. Lead(II) sulfide is an inert compound that is a semiconductor, photoconductor, and infrared radiation material. These properties lend to its use in electronic components.

Limestone (CaCO₃)

Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcite, a calcium carbonate mineral, CaCO₃. It is hydrophobic and is produced by crushing, grinding, precipitation, and classifying high purity, white, and calcite limestone. Purities available from 98% to 99.9%

Lithium Oxide (Li₂O)

Lithium Oxide (Li₂O), also known as Lithia, is a white hygroscopic crystal. Many materials are evaluated based on the lithium oxide content in them. Purity: 95%

Lutetium(III) Oxide (Lu₂O₃)

Lutetium(III) oxide, a white solid, also called lutecia, is a lanthanide oxide that is insoluble in water but soluble in all common acids. Lutecia exhibits favorable physical properties, such as a high melting point (around 2400ºC), phase stability, mechanical strength, hardness, thermal conductivity, and low thermal expansion; lutetium(III) oxide is not conductive to electricity. This material is offered in R&D quantities. Purity: 99.9%

Magnesium Chloride (MgCl₂)

Magnesium Chloride (MgCl₂) is a colorless crystalline electrically conductive solid that is soluble in water and alcohol. Anhydrous magnesium chloride is highly hygroscopic and must be stored in a dry, and suitably ventilated place, and leakage must be avoided. It is incompatible with steel, brass & aluminum due to its corrosive nature.

Magnesium DiBoride (MgB₂)

Magnesium Diboride (MgB₂), is a dark gray, water-insoluble solid that becomes superconducting at 39 K (−234 °C). Typical purity= 99% (Ca= <600 ppm)

Magnesium Fluoride (MgF₂)

Magnesium Fluoride (MgF₂), also referred to as Magnesium Difluoride, is a white crystalline alkaline earth metal salt utilized in optical devices. It has high transparency, a low refractive index (n≈1.36), a high threshold to laser-induced damage, high hardness, and excellent stability in hostile environments. In UV light, it fluoresces purple.

Magnesium Oxide (MgO)

Magnesium oxide is a mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium. MgO has the acid buffering capacity and related effectiveness in stabilizing dissolved heavy metal species. Pharmaceutical Grade: Must conform to the USP, JP, and BP specifications Food Additive Grade: Must conform to the FCC specification Additional particle sizes available

Magnetite / Black Iron Oxide

Magnetite is an iron-oxide based mineral that contains equal amounts of iron(II) (FeO) and iron(III) (Fe₂O₃), with an empirical formula, Fe₃O₄, and it is often expressed as iron(II,III) oxide. Magnetite is a natural iron oxide magnet and the most magnetic of all the minerals on Earth. It is a black powder used extensively as a black pigment, Mars Black.

Manganese Dioxide (MnO₂)

Manganese Dioxide (MnO₂), or Manganese (IV) Oxide, is a blackish or brown solid that occurs naturally as the mineral pyrolusite, the main ore of manganese.

Manganese Oxide (MnO)

Manganese Oxide (MnO), or Manganese (II) Oxide, is a green crystalline compound

Micaceous Iron Oxide (MIO)

Micaceous iron oxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is water resistant and forms a protective overlapping plate barrier that prevents corrosion infiltration when applied to metallic surfaces. Flakes formed by micaceous iron oxide are weather-resistant, reflect ultraviolet light, allow water vapor to escape from the substrate, and are chemically resistant. It has been used in corrosion and weather-resistant paint for over 100 years, with the Eiffel Tower being one example of where it has been used.

Molybdenum Carbide (Mo₂C)

Molybdenum carbide is a refractory ceramic with a high melting point and excellent wear resistance. It finds uses in high-temperature applications. It has a high surface area and a unique crystal structure which gives it catalytic properties.

Molybdenum Disilicide (MoSi₂)

Molybdenum Disilicide (MoSi₂) is a gray metallic-looking intermetallic compound that is a refractory ceramic with a moderate density, a melting point of 2030ºC and is electrically conductive. It is thermally stable but exhibits high emissivity. Typical purity is 99.5%.

Molybdenum(IV) Oxide (MoO₂)

Molybdenum(IV) Oxide (MoO₂), sometimes referred to as Molybdenum Dioxide, is a violet-colored solid that has good electrical conductivity due to the presence of delocalized electrons in its valence band. It is air sensitive and incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong bases. Purities available between 99% and 99.999%

Molybdenum(IV) Sulfide (MoS₂)

Molybdenum(IV) sulfide (MoS₂), or Molybdenum Disulfide, is a dark gray or black powder that is a solid-state lubricant. It is a two-dimensional layered material, giving it a low coefficient of friction and high chemical, thermal, and pressure stability.

Molybdenum(VI) Oxide (MoO₃)

Molybdenum (VI) Oxide (MoO₃), sometimes referred to as Molybdenum Trioxide, is a yellow solid that is thermally stable and not very soluble in water but is in concentrated acids and bases. It is the most widely produced Molybdenum compound. It is a wide bandgap-type semiconductor with distinctive electrochromic, thermochromic, and photochromic properties. Purities available between 99% and 99.999%

Mullite (3Al₂O₃·2 SiO₂)

Mullite (3Al₂O₃·2 SiO₂), or aluminum oxide-silicon oxide, is present in the form of needles in porcelain. It is a refractory material that is resistant to flame and molten ash, has a low, uniform coefficient of thermal expansion and a heat conductivity only slightly above that of fireclays. Normally, mullite has very fine crystals that, upon prolonged heating, become enlarged and make the product porous and permeable. Prefusing mullite produces larger crystals for more stable high-temperature refractories. Foamed mullite forms a uniform lattice honeycomb structure for lightweight, heat-resistant structural parts.

Neodymium(III) Oxide (Nd₂O₃)

Neodymium(III) Oxide (Nd₂O₃) is a grayish-blue crystal with a hexagonal structure. It is highly insoluble in water but soluble. It is thermally stable and not conductive to electricity. Purities available are between 99% and 99.99%

Nickel Aluminides

Nickel Aluminides, Al₃Ni, and Ni₃Al are intermetallic compounds that are useful because they are very strong and hard and melt only at very high temperatures. They also are widely used due to their corrosion resistance, low density, and easy production. A disadvantage is their brittleness at room temperature, which extends to high temperatures for Ni₃Al. Nickel Aluminide, Al₃Ni, is a cermet, that can be flame sprayed, and whose strengthening γ' phase precipitates in nickel-based superalloys, allowing for high-temperature strength up to 0.7-0.8 of its melting temperature.

Nickel Carbonyl Ni(CO)₄

Nickel carbonyl (IUPAC name: tetracarbonylnickel) is a colorless and stable organometallic complex liquid at room temperature. Like all carbonyls, it is poisonous and extremely toxic. Its volatility at room temperature has earned the compound the nickname "liquid death." Ni(CO)₄ decomposes to carbon monoxide and nickel metal on moderate heating and is the basis for the purification of nickel or plating onto surfaces.

Niobium Aluminides

Niobium aluminide intermetallics have attractive combinations of room-temperature and elevated-temperature fatigue and fracture properties. The niobium aluminides (NbAl, Al₃Nb) have extremely high strength (fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth resistance) at elevated temperatures above 1000ºC and good room-temperature tensile ductility.

Niobium Carbide (NbC)

Niobium carbide is a green cubic crystal with a metallic luster. It is a ceramic material and is amongst the hardest technical compounds known. It is an extremely hard refractory material. Purity: 99% - 99.5%

Niobium (IV) Selenide (NbSe₂)

Niobium diselenide (NbSe₂) is a gray-black solid that is a two-dimensional layered inorganic nanomaterial. It has higher electrical conductivity than graphite and a wide temperature stability range. It is used as a lubricant and conductor at high temperatures and high vacuum.

Niobium Oxides (Nb₂O₅, NbO₂, NbO)

Niobium oxides (NbO, NbO₂, Nb₂O₅) are versatile materials with outstanding electrical, mechanical, chemical, and magnetic properties. Niobium (V) Oxide, Nb2O5 (Niobium pentoxide), is colorless and insoluble. A fairly unreactive solid that is the most widespread precursor for other compounds and materials containing niobium. Niobium (II) Oxide, NbO (Niobium monoxide), is a gray solid with metallic conductivity. Niobium (IV) Oxide, NbO₂ (Niobium dioxide), is a bluish-black non-stoichiometric solid that is insoluble in water and is a powerful reducing agent.

Olivine Powder and Olivine Sand (MgFe)₂SiO₄

Olivine is a magnesium iron silicate ((MgFe)₂SiO₄ with an olive green color and is one of the most common minerals found on earth. Olivine is hard, dense, and heavy. It has good insulating values due to low heat conductivity and high refractoriness. It is inert and has high chemical and mineralogical stability but weathers quickly. It is being looked at for its ability to sequester carbon dioxide in hopes it can aid in climate change mitigation. MgO= 45% to 49%, SiO₂= 39% to 42, FeO= 6% to 8%, CaO= 0.2% to 0.3%, Cr= 0.1% to 0.4%, Ni= 0.1% to 0.3% Al₂O₃= 0.2% to 0.8% Trace Elements= 0.3% to 0.5%

Potassium Ferrate (K₂FeO₄)

Potassium Ferrate (K₂FeO₄) is a purple paramagnetic salt that is a powerful oxidant throughout the entire pH range. It is stable, easily prepared, and can remain stable in moisture-excluded air for a long period. It has a non-toxic by-product Fe(III) that makes potassium ferrate(VI) an environmentally friendly oxidant for natural waters.

Potassium Nitrate (KNO₃)

Potassium nitrate, KNO₃, also known as saltpeter, is a white crystalline substance that is a strong oxidizer. Reade offers 4 grades of Potassium Nitrate powder.

Praseodymium(III, IV) Oxide (Pr₆O₁₁)

Praseodymium(III, IV) oxide (Pr₆O₁₁) is a dark brown powder that is insoluble in water and is only soluble in strong acid. It is stable at normal temperatures and pressure. Powder is available down to 5 microns or less. Purity: 99.9%, 99.99% (REO basis)

Praseodymium(III) Oxide (Pr₂O₃)

Praseodymium(III) oxide (Pr₂O₃) is a yellow-green amorphous solid that is insoluble in water and is stable at normal temperature and pressure. It can block infrared radiation and has dielectric properties when combined with other elements.

Raney Nickel (Nickel Aluminide) (NiAl)

Nickel aluminide (NiAl) is a sintered compound of nickel and aluminum that has good high-temperature heat, thermal shock, and oxidation resistance. It has a low density but sizable transverse rupture strength (twice that of cobalt-bonded titanium carbide) and has impact resistance better than most ceramic, intermetallic compounds, and some cermets. It is used for highly stressed parts in high-temperature equipment. The wire form of Raney nickel wire form is used for welding, flame coating, and hard surfacing. NiAl also is resistant to attack by molten glass and red and white fuming nitric acid. Purity 99.0%

Rhenium Diboride (ReB₂)

Rhenium diboride (ReB₂) is a synthetic super hard metal formed from a mixture of rhenium, noted for its resistance to high pressure and boron, which forms short, strong covalent bonds with rhenium. It has a hardness comparable to diamond, and since its production does not involve high pressures, it has a relatively low production price compared to other hard synthetic materials. Purity: Up to 99.999%

Samarium(II) Oxide (Sm₂O₃)

Samarium(II) oxide (Sm₂O₃) is an important rare earth oxide and is an off-white to pale yellow water-insoluble powder. It has high melting and boiling points (2335 ºC and 4118 ºC), giving it good thermal stability. Samarium (II) oxide has a high dielectric constant, high breakdown electric field, large bandgap, low leakage current, low-frequency dispersion, and low trapping rates. It is also thermodynamically stable on Si substrate and has a high neutron absorption capacity. 99.0% to 99.995% (REO basis)

Sapphire (Al₂O₃)

This is a synthetically produced Sapphire. Single crystal Sapphire has a high thermal conductivity, volume resistivity, hardness and wear resistance, and a high upper-use temperature. The energy band gap is large (10eV). Sapphire is a transparent material with a useful wavelength transmission of 0.2 to 5.5 microns. It is much stronger than glass and can be used to view windows in high-pressure and vacuum applications. It employs transparency and extraordinary scratch resistance to glass. Purity: 99.9%

Scandium(III) Oxide (Sc₂O₃)

Scandium(III) Oxide (Sc₂O₃), or Scandia, is a white rare earth metal oxide solid with a high melting point. It is heat and thermal shock resistant, making it useful in high-temperature systems. Purity: 99.9% to 99.9999%

Silicon Carbide (SiC)

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a hard, covalently bonded light grey solid that is nearly as hard as diamond. It is a refractory material (high melting point) with excellent thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion. It displays good thermal shock resistance, corrosion resistance, and stiffness. Silicon carbide is a semiconductor.

Silver Oxides (Silver(I) Oxide (Ag₂O) and Silver(II) Oxide (AgO))

Silver(I) Oxide (Ag₂O) is a fine black or dark brown powder that is used to prepare other silver compounds. Silver(II) Oxide (AgO), or silver peroxide, is a mixed oxidation state silver(I,III) oxide. It is a dark brown solid that decomposes with the evolution of O₂ in water. It is moisture and light-sensitive. Purity: 99% to 99.5%

Sodium Lignosulfonate

Sodium lignosulfonate is a natural, biodegradable material, brownish-yellow powder or liquid. It is produced from the sulfite pulping process of wood. Sodium lignosulfonate is a versatile and widely used material in various industrial applications due to its dispersant, binding, and emulsifying properties. Its natural and biodegradable nature makes it an attractive alternative to synthetic chemicals. In contrast, its ability to improve the performance and quality of products makes it a valuable additive in many industries.

Spinel (MgAl₂O₄)

Spinel is a mineral composed of magnesium aluminate with a hardness of 8 on the Mohs Scale and specific gravity of 3.5–4.1. It is transparent to opaque with a vitreous to dull luster. Various impurities, such as iron, manganese, and chromium, impart different colors to the mineral. Purity: 99.8%

Strontium Sulfate (SrSO₄)

Strontium Sulfate (SrSO₄) is a white crystalline powder that occurs in nature as the mineral celestite. Purity available: 99 % min.

Strontium Titanate (SrTiO₃)

Strontium titanate (SrTiO₃), or Strontium Titanium Oxide, is an insoluble powder. Insoluble in water and most solvents. It is the model system for perovskite ceramics because it is stable in the cubic crystal system above-168ºC It is a high dielectric constant material (225-250). Purity: 99.9%

Synthetic Cryolite (Na₃(AlF₆)

Synthetic cryolite, Na₃(AlF₆), also known as sodium aluminum fluoride or Sodium Hexafluoroaluminate is a snow-white powder. There are two grades available. Powder and U/F.

Tantalum Aluminide (TaAl₃ & Ta₃Al)

There are two tantalum aluminides, TaAl3 and Ta3Al. They are stable, refractory, and reflective and have been proposed as mirror coatings for use in the IR. Purity: 99.5%

Tantalum Carbide (TaC)

Tantalum carbide (TaC) is an extremely hard (Mohs hardness 9-10), heavy, refractory crystalline ceramic material. It is a gold-colored to brown powder that is extremely resistant to chemical action at normal temperature and is an important cermet material. TaC has the highest known melting point, at 3880°C of any binary compound. Purity: 99.0% to 99.5%

Tantalum Nitride (TaN)

Tantalum Nitride is a hexagonal, brown, bronze, or black crystal that is insoluble in water. Tantalum Nitride is a chemically inert refractory compound that melts at approximately 3360ºC. Powder distributions are available down to as small as 5 to 15 nanometers

Tantalum(V) Oxide (Ta₂O₅)

Tantalum(V) Oxide (Ta₂O₅), Tantalum Pentoxide, is a white solid that is insoluble in all solvents. It is an inert material with a high refractive index and low absorption, which makes it useful for coatings. It has a high dielectric constant and a high bandgap. It also has high biocompatibility and resistivity. Powder Size as small as 0.65 microns Purity: 99.0%-99.997%

Tellurium(IV) Oxide (TeO₂)

Tellurium(IV) Oxide (TeO₂2), or Tellurium Dioxide, is a crystalline white solid that has two forms. It is amphoteric and insoluble. The compound shows yellow when heating and dark yellow red when melting, and has a longitudinal speed of sound of 4,260 meters per second (14,000 ft/s) at around room temperature. Purity 99.0% up to 99.99%

Thermite

Reade offers Pure Thermit^®. This mixture consists of Iron (III) Oxide and Aluminum powder mixture in stoichiometric ratios to yield the maximum reaction temperature in a very short period. It is used for applications of heat shock testing. The particle size distribution of the mixture is between – 800 microns + 75 microns and the bulk of the material (75%) falls in the 425 to 150-micron range. Reade also offers custom thermit mixes that can consist of Carbon, Manganese, and Silicon with varying micro-alloy contents depending on the hardness the customer requires. Pure Thermit^® is a registered trademark of Orgo-Thermit.

Tin(II) Oxide (SnO)

Tin(II) Oxide or Stannous Oxide (SnO) is a blue-black powder that is a reducing agent. It is insoluble in water. It is unstable in the air, will slowly oxidize to tin(IV) oxide, and has a melting point of 1976°F (1080°C). Purity: 99.9% to 99.999%

Tin(IV) Oxide (SnO₂)

Tin(IV) Oxide, or Stannic Oxide (SnO₂), is a naturally occurring white powder that is colorless, amphoteric, and diamagnetic. It is insoluble in water. It has a refractive index of 2.006. Purity: 99.9% to 99.999%

Titanium Aluminides (TiAl, Ti₃Al, TiAl₃, Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr, Ti2AlNb)

Titanium aluminide has three major intermetallic compounds: gamma TiAl, alpha 2-Ti₃Al, and TiAl₃ of which TiAl has received the most interest and applications. Titanium Aluminides are alloys that offer excellent strength-to-weight ratios and high chemical and thermal stability. They do not contain nickel which makes them attractive for nuclear applications. TiAL has excellent mechanical properties as well as oxidation and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures (over 600 degrees Celsius). TiAl₃ has the lowest density, the highest microhardness, and the best oxidation even at high temperatures but has poor ductility, which may limit its use. Ti₂AlNb alloy has high-temperature strength, good anti-oxidation properties, and low density. It has shown long-term service temperatures of up to 923 K–973K Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb- has an excellent strength-to-weight ratio, almost as light as aluminum but more strength than most steel alloys. It has superb corrosion resistance and very low heat conductivity, and high flexibility. Purity 99.5%

Titanium Carbide (TiC)

Titanium carbide is an extremely hard, crystalline solid that melts at 3140ºC. It has a gray metallic color and is insoluble in water; but soluble in nitric acid and aqua regia. It enhances the conductivity of materials and can act as a nucleating agent. High purity and technical grades. 99.5%

Titanium Carbo Nitride (TiCN)

Titanium Carbo-Nitride (TiCN) is a blue-gray high-performance coating with high hardness and good wear resistance - a very tough coating. TiCN is a step above plain titanium nitride with improved properties. Various granulations finer than 5 microns are available. Nano-scale particles are usually available.

Titanium Diboride (TiB₂)

Titanium Diboride (TiB₂) is a synthetic material that is an extremely hard ceramic with excellent heat conductivity, oxidation stability, and wear resistance. TiB₂ is a reasonable electrical conductor, can be used as a cathode material in aluminum smelting, and can be shaped by electrical discharge machining. It has exceptional hardness at extreme temperatures (due to its high melting temperature). It has many advantages over other borides, including the highest fracture toughness, compressive strength, and toughness. It is difficult to mold or sinter.

Titanium Hydride (TiH₂)

Titanium Hydride, TiH₂, is a brittle, metallic-gray solid that is stable at room temperature and inert to water and most chemical reagents. It is highly flammable, denser than water, and pyrophoric in dust. Purity: 99.0% to 99.95% Powder sized 325 mesh x down Note: Titanium Hydride is a reducing agent that reacts rapidly and dangerously with oxygen and other oxidizing agents, even weak ones. Titanium Hydride is incompatible with acids, alcohols, amines, and aldehydes.

Titanium Nitride (TiN)

Titanium nitride (TiN) is a hard, wear-resistant ceramic coating material with a gold color and a crystalline structure. Titanium nitride has high hardness, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance.

Titanium Silicon Carbide (Ti₃SiC₂)

Titanium Silicon Carbide (Ti₃SiC₂) is a material with both metallic and ceramic properties and is suited for both mechanical and electrical applications. It has high fracture toughness and exhibits high-temperature stability. It also has high electrical and thermal conductivities and is moderately resistant to oxidation. Purity: 99.5%

Titanium(III) Nitride (TiN)

Titanium(III) nitride or Titanium nitride is a very hard ceramic material that has high hardness, good corrosion resistance, heat resistance, excellent wear resistance, and is chemically stable. Titanium(III) nitride is brown but appears gold when applied as a coating. The compound becomes superconducting at cryogenic temperatures. Purity: 99.5%

Titanium(IV) Oxide (Anatase Grade) (TiO₂)

Titanium(IV) Oxide (TiO₂), sometimes referred to as titanium dioxide, is an odorless and absorbent mineral. Anatase is one of the three mineral forms of Titanium (IV) oxide and has many of the same properties as the other forms regarding hardness, density, and luster; however, the cleavage and crystal form vary, which makes anatase grade less absorbent of UV rays. It is also less stable than the most common form, rutile, and will be converted to the rutile structure at higher temperatures.

Titanium(IV) Oxide (TiO₂) (Rutile Grade)

Rutile Titanium(IV) Oxide, also known as Titanium Dioxide, is the most common form of TiO₂. It is the oxide mineral form. Rutile has a high refractive index at visible wavelengths and can absorb UV light. Titanium dioxide is an odorless, absorbent, and one of the most widely used pigments in powder form for whiteness and opacity. Purity ≥99.4%

Tungsten Carbide

Tungsten Carbide (WC) is a dense, metal-like substance, light gray with a bluish tinge. Tungsten carbide has high decomposition points, with WC at 2770°C. WC will conduct electricity. It is hard and rigid but possesses very high strength, including compressive strength and impact resistance. Its rigidity is 2-3X the rigidity of steel and 4-6X that of cast iron and brass. The wear resistance of tungsten carbide is better than that of wear-resistance tool steels and is also corrosion-resistant and chemically resistant. WC powders are available as fine, medium, and coarse-grained cuts.

Tungsten (IV) Sulfide (WS₂)

Tungsten (IV) Sulfide, WS₂, or Tungsten Disulfide, is a grayish-black powder that has a low friction coefficient and high load-bearing capacity making it popular as a solid lubricant. It also offers durability, wear resistance, and excellent electrical conductivity and thermal stability. It can also be added to composites to enhance strength and stiffness.

Tungsten(III) Nitride (WN)

Tungsten(III) nitride (WN) possesses unique and superior chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Tungsten nitride is a hard, solid, brown-colored ceramic material that is electrically conductive and decomposes in water. Purity: 99% min

Tungsten(VI) Oxide (WO₃)

Tungsten(VI) Oxide (WO₃), also known as tungsten trioxide, is a bright canary-yellow crystalline solid that, in pure form, is an electric insulator. It changes color to dark orange on heating but regains its bright yellow color when cooled. Purity: 99.9% up to 99.99%

Vanadium Carbide (VC)

Vanadium Carbide (VC) is a chemically stable extremely hard refractory ceramic. It has a Mohs hardness of 9-9.5, so it may be the hardest metal carbide. Powder available 325 mesh and finer Purity 99% and 99.9%

Vanadium(III) Oxide (V₂O₃)

Vanadium(III) oxide (V₂O₃) vanadium sesquioxide or trioxide is a black solid antiferromagnetic with a critical temperature of 160 K where there is an abrupt change in its conductivity ability from metallic to insulating.

Vanadium(IV) Oxide (VO₂)

Vanadium(IV) oxide (VO₂), vanadium dioxide, is a dark blue solid that is amphoteric and has a phase transition very close to room temperature. Its electrical resistivity and opacity can also change several folds.

Vanadium(V) Oxide (V₂O₅)

Vanadium(V) oxide (V₂O₅), vanadium pentoxide, is a brown/yellow solid and is an amphoteric oxide and an oxidizing agent. It is the most important vanadium compound, the principal precursor to vanadium alloys, and is a widely used industrial catalyst. Vanadium(V) oxide has some acute toxicity to humans, with a greater hazard from the inhalation of dust.

Wollastonite (Calcium Metasilicate)

Wollastonite is a white to yellowish-brown naturally occurring calcium silicate mineral. It has good strength, firing characteristics, and the ability to reduce crazing. Natural wollastonite may contain trace or minor amounts of various metal ions. Wollastonite is an industrially important mineral. It is well-known for its good fluorescence. It also has low moisture and absorption properties.

Yttria Stabilized Zirconium Oxide (YSZ)

Zirconium Oxide (ZrO₂), or Zirconia, and Yttrium Oxide (Y₂O₃), or Yttria, are combined to add stability to the structure of zirconium at room temp. YSZ, or Yttria Stabilized Zirconia, is hard and chemically inert, with ion-conducting properties. YSZ has high strength and corrosion resistance. High purity and all grades are low in micron size.

Yttrium Oxide (Y₂O₃)

Yttrium Oxide, or Yttria, is the most thermodynamically stable compound in the oxide group. Its high-temperature stability makes it useful as a refractory material, as it has a thermal expansion that's less than that of alumina, magnesia, and zirconia. Various purities are available between 99.9% and 99.99%

Zinc Formaldehyde Sulfoxylate

Zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate (ZnC₂H₄O₆S₂), also known as zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate monohydrate, is a white crystalline powder that is a strong reducing agent that can effectively reduce a wide range of organic and inorganic compounds. Zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate is considered a safe and effective reducing agent for industrial use. However, it can be potentially hazardous if not handled or stored properly.

Zinc Oxide (ZnO)

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a white insoluble inorganic compound. It is relatively soft with high heat capacity, high heat conductivity, low thermal expansion, and a high melting temperature. It occurs naturally as the mineral zincite; however, most zinc oxide is produced synthetically. Reade sources of Zinc oxide meet USP and FDA requirements and are available for medical, sunscreens, UV-blocking coatings, and ceramic applications. Purities range between 99.0% and 99.999%, including pharmaceutical and advanced ceramic grades.

Zinc Selenide (ZnSe)

Zinc Selenide is a light-yellow, solid compound that is chemically inert, non-hygroscopic, highly pure, intrinsic semiconductor. It has extremely low bulk losses due to absorption and scatter, has a high resistance to thermal shock, and is stable in virtually all environments. The powder is available down to 3 microns on average. Purity 99% to 99.99%

Zinc Sulfide (ZnS)

Zinc sulfide is a white to gray-white or pale yellow powder that exists naturally as a blend of two crystalline forms, an alpha (wurtzite) and a beta (sphalerite). When zinc sulfide contains water, it slowly oxidizes to sulfate on exposure to air but is stable if kept dry. Zinc Sulfide has a high refractive index (~2.35 at 500 nm) and a broad transmittance range from 400 nm to 14 µm.

Zirconia Mullite (Al₂O₃ + ZrO₂ + SiO₂)

A fused mullite composed of sizable needle-like mullite crystals containing co-precipitated monoclinic ZrO₂. Zirconia Mullite is characterized by high chemical purity, low thermal expansion, and high thermal shock resistance. Zirconia mullite has a high resistance to environmental corrosion and a low coefficient of thermal expansion.

Zirconium Carbide (ZrC)

Zirconium carbide (ZrC) is an extremely hard refractory ceramic material that is a gray metallic powder with a cubic crystal structure. It has good high-temperature mechanical properties, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, a high melting point, and strong chemical resistance. Under irradiation, it demonstrates low neutron absorption cross-section and weak damage sensitivity. Various standard granulations are available below 106 microns. Purities: 99.0% & 99.5%

Zirconium Diboride (ZrB₂)

Zirconium Diboride (ZrB₂), or zirconium diboride, is a hard, gray powder that melts at 3246°C and is classified as an ultra-high temperature ceramic (UHTC). It has a relatively low density of ~6.09 g/cm3 (dependent on hafnium impurity), good high-temperature strength and hardness, relatively high thermal and electrical conductivities, and strong neutron control ability. ZrB₂ is toxic.

Zirconium (III) Nitride (ZrN)

Zirconium (III) nitride (ZrN) is a golden-yellow colored ceramic with high hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. The coating can be applied to various materials, including metals, ceramics, and plastics, to enhance durability and reduce surface wear and tear. Typical Purity 99.5%

Zirconium Oxide (Zirconia)(ZrO₂)

Zirconium Oxide (ZrO₂), also known as Zirconia, is a hard white amorphous powder derived from zirconium. It is one of the most widely used ceramic oxides. It is stable at elevated temperatures, demonstrates mechanical resistance, is chemically inert, is corrosion-resistant, and has abrasive properties. These properties make zirconium oxide useful in refractory products, ceramics, and electronic applications. Reade offers two grades. DURAZON MCG is a dense, granular, electric arc fused monoclinic zirconia grain. The electric arc fused zirconia is poured from a state-of-the-art tilt furnace that ensures product uniformity. This zirconia is thermally stable to very high temperatures (2500ºC), has low thermal conductivity, and is chemically inert. DURAZON CSG is a dense, granular, electric arc fused stabilized zirconia. Durazon CSG stabilized zirconia is a blend of zirconium oxide and approximately 4% calcium oxide. This produces a product with about 75% cubic zirconia plus 25% monoclinic zirconia. The electric arc fused zirconia is poured from a state-of-the-art tilt furnace that ensures product uniformity. This highly stabilized calcia-stabilized zirconia is thermally stable to very high temperatures (2500ºC) and chemically inert in oxidizing and reducing atmospheres.

Zirconium Silicate (ZrSiO₄)

Zircon, zirconium silicate (ZrSiO₄), is a mineral that always contains hafnium in quantities ranging from 1 to 4%. It is hard, and Zircon (not to be confused with cubic zirconia) varies between colorless, yellow-golden, red, brown, and green, sometimes changing color by heat treatment. As a powder, Zircon is a coarse or fine white mineral powder that is chemically inert and stable to very high temperatures. Insoluble in water and immune to acid attack except by sulfuric acid, only when ground into a fine powder. Zircon sand has a low enlargement coefficient and may be very stable at high temperatures. In powdered form, zirconium dioxide is vibrant white, exceedingly reflective, and thermally stable. Reade offers calcined and uncalcined milled zircon. Please specify your requirements in the additional notes.

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