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Native Elements

Native elements are pure and uncombined, containing only one element type. Native elements are essential resources used in various industrial and commercial applications.

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Activated Carbon / Carbon Powder

Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, is highly porous, contributing to its very large surface area. Its surface is also very reactive. It is a very useful adsorbent used in many filter systems to purify, dechlorinate, deodorize, and decolorize both liquid and vapor applications. Activated carbon is usually derived from waste products such as coconut or wood, where bulk sources are converted into charcoal before being 'activated.' Activated carbon from coal is referred to as activated coal. Activated carbons are economical adsorbents for many industries and purposes. Different types of activated carbon are suited for various specialized applications, with grade and size-specific applications.

Aluminum (Al) Metal

Pure aluminum is a lightweight silvery-white metal. It is soft and malleable with a low density. It is non-toxic and with high tensile strength. It has high thermal conductivity and excellent corrosion resistance and can be easily cast, machined, and formed. It is non-magnetic and non-sparking. Weight for weight is twice as good as a conductor of electricity as copper. Purities are available from as high of a typical purity of 99.996% down for some granulations to low-purity recycled scrap aluminum alloys.

Antimony (Sb)

Antimony (Sb) is a semi-metal that is bluish-white, extremely brittle, and flaky. It is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. Purities available from 99.99% to 99.999%

Beryllium (Be) Metal

Beryllium is a silvery-white metal that is relatively soft and has a low density. Although it is the lightest structural metal, it has high tensile strength and stiffness. It has one of the highest melting points of light metals. At ordinary temperatures, beryllium resists oxidation in air and is resistant to concentrated nitric acid. Beryllium is nonmagnetic, offers excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, has a high heat capacity, and can take a high polish. Purity 98.0% up to 99.9999% pure, along with Be alloys

Bismuth (Bi) Metal

Bismuth (Bi) is hard, brittle, lustrous, and coarsely gray crystalline with a reddish tinge and of a high density. While it is a poor conductor of electricity, bismuth has the greatest increase in electrical resistance when placed in a magnetic field of any metal. Bismuth's thermal conductivity is lower than all other metals except mercury. Purities available from 99% up to 99.999% Bismuth needles are available with a purity of 99.9%

Boron Amorphous (B)

Boron (B) is a semi-metal of which several allotropes exist. Boron is very hard and very resistant to heat. One main allotrope is a brown amorphous powder when pure. It is more reactive than crystalline boron as it slowly oxidizes in the air and can react violently with acid. Military Specifications: MIL-B-51092 (ORD), PA-PD-451, OS 11608 Grade I SB95 (93%-97% Boron purity) Particle Size range 0.8 micron max FSSS Grade II SB90 (90%-92% Boron purity) Particle Size range 1.0 micron max FSSS Grade III SB86 (86%-89.9% Boron purity) Particle Size range 1.2 micron max FSSS SB2000 (55%-77% Boron purity)

Boron Crystalline (B)

Boron (B) is a semi-metal that is very hard and resistant to heat, of which there are several allotropes. Crystalline boron is a black, lustrous semiconductor almost chemically inert at ordinary temperatures. This crystalline form is the second hardest of all the elements and has one of the highest melting temperatures. Purity: Crystalline Boron Powder: 99% Crystalline Boron Powder: 99.9% Crystalline Boron Powder: 99.99%

Buckypaper

Buckypaper is a macroscopic aggregate of thin sheets of aggregated carbon nanotubes. It is one-tenth the weight of steel, but up to 500 times stronger, with the ability to conduct electricity and disperse heat. Buckypaper has low optical reflectivity and thermal conductivity.

Calcium (Ca) Metal

Calcium (Ca) is a silvery-white, soft, relatively light alkaline earth metal that does not naturally occur in its free state. It is the most unreactive of this family; however, it still tarnishes rapidly in the air and reacts with water. Purity: 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.987%, and 99.99%

Carbon (C)

Carbon is a pure non-metallic element found only in the forms of diamonds and graphite. Graphite is widely used for many applications because of its unique combination of properties. It is slippery to the touch, a good conductor of electricity and heat, is chemically inert, and can withstand high temperatures and corrosive environments. 99% to 99.99% (metals basis)

Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are tubes made of carbon atoms with nanometer diameters. Reade supplies a variety of carbon nanotubes. While many specific properties of CNTs are type dependent, in general, carbon nanotubes have high electrical conductivity. They have good thermal conductivity along the tube axis that is comparable to diamonds while exhibiting elastic, flexible, stiff, tough, and strong fibers while maintaining the chemistry of carbon molecules and being free of molecular defects. This carbon chemistry allows strong Van der Waals attraction which leads to spontaneous self-assembly and roping of many nanotubes, which may be important in certain applications. Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) are an intermediary allotrope of carbon between fullerene cages and flat graphene. Double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWNT) are similar to SWNT but are more resistant to chemical attacks. Multi-wall carbon nanotubes consist of multiple rolled layers of graphene. Dry powder form and dispersions available.

Cerium (Ce) Metal

Cerium (Ce) is a rare earth metal that is an iron-gray, soft, ductile, and malleable metal. It is the most abundant of the rare earth elements. It is a reactive metal that rapidly oxidizes in air to form a superficial oxide coating. The metal reacts slowly with cold water and rapidly with hot water. It is readily dissolved in mineral acids and will react with most nonmetals on heating. Purity: 99.9-99.95%

Cesium (Cs) Metal

Cesium (Cs) is a soft, ductile, gold-colored alkali metal. Cesium reacts quickly when attacked by air and reacts violently with water, so it should be stored accordingly. It has the lowest melting point of any alkali metal and is liquid at room temperature. It is photoemissive. Purity: 99.9%

Chromium (Cr)

Chromium (Cr) is a steel-gray, lustrous, and hard metal, with high corrosion and tarnish resistance since chromium does not oxidize in air, even in extreme moisture. Purity range: 99%-99.998%

Cobalt (Co) Metal

Cobalt (Co) Metal is a lustrous, silvery-blue metal that is magnetic and attractive. Cobalt is hard and resistant to corrosion Purity from 99.5% - 99.9%

Copper (Cu) Chops

Copper (Cu) Chops is salvaged chopped-up copper wire. Purity From 95%+

Copper (Cu) Metal

Copper (Cu) is one of the most important elements. It is a reddish metal that is malleable and ductile with a bright metallic luster. Copper is a good conductor of heat and electricity (second only to silver in electrical conductivity). Purity from 98% to 99.999%

Crystalline Silicon (Si)

Crystalline silicon is the crystalline form of silicon, a semi-metal and semiconductor. It is a lustrous, grayish-black and can be polycrystalline or monocrystalline silicon. Purity 98% min. Note: Lump, pressed targets, and many powder granulations are available to customer specification down to as fine as 50 nanometers

Diamond Dust (C)

Diamond Dust is composed of pure carbon. Diamond powder is a super-abrasive and is offered in two categories: synthetically grown and naturally grown. Naturally mined diamond purity is 99+%. Synthetic diamond purity is 99%.

Dysprosium (Dy) Metal

Dysprosium (Dy) is a hard, bright shiny silvery-white rare earth metal that is never found in nature as a free element, but found within various minerals. It reacts slowly to moisture in the air and burns readily. Dysprosium has high magnetic strength and is heat resistant to demagnetization, making it an attractive component for magnets used in green energy, i.e., motors of wind turbines and electric vehicles, increasing demand. Purity: 99.9% (REO basis)

Electrolytic Iron

Electrolytic iron is the purest form of iron, whereby commercial iron has all impurities removed through electrolysis. This electrochemical refining process helps to ensure uniform chemical composition and tight particle size distributions. Cathode deposit is supplied as small, smooth, irregularly shaped iron pieces. Chip from bright annealed and polished high-purity electrolytic iron chips, nominally 3/32” x 3/32” (2.5 x 2.5 mm) approximately 1/64” (400 μm) thick. The chips grade is known for its extremely low sulfur and carbon content and smooth polished uniform chips, which are easy to measure and disperse. Powder grade is available as annealed, unannealed in three different mesh sizes, or kosher certified. Purity 97%+

Erbium (Er) Metal

Erbium (Er) is a Rare Earth Metal. It is a soft, silvery element that is malleable and bright. Erbium finds little use as a metal It does not oxidize as rapidly as some of the other rare earth metals as it is fairly stable in air. Erbium has a high electrical resistivity. Purity 99-99.9%

Europium (Eu) Metal

Europium (Eu) is a rare earth metal that is silvery-white. It is the least dense, softest, and most ductile of the lanthanide series. Europium is the most volatile of the rare earth metals and quickly oxidizes in air and reacts in water. Purity- 99-99.9%

Gadolinium (Gd) Metal

Gadolinium (Gd) is a rare earth metal that is moderately ductile, hard, and fairly stable in the air. Gadolinium reacts slowly with water and rapidly with most diluted acids. Gadolinium has unusual superconductive properties when alloyed with iron, chromium, or related metals and is found to greatly improve workability and resistance to temperature and oxidation. Gadolinium also has unique magnetic properties and demonstrates ferromagnetic properties near room temp but paramagnetic properties above this temp. Purity: 99.9%

Gallium (Ga) Metal

Gallium (Ga) Metal is soft and silvery and does not occur as a free element in nature. It has one of the longest liquid ranges of any metal, with a low vapor pressure even at high temperatures and a tendency to remain in a supercool state. Gallium can be molten at room temperature. It has a higher density as a liquid than as a solid. Gallium can be alloyed with most metals and is done so to reduce the melting point. Gallium can convert electricity to light. Its properties make Gallium considered a technology-critical element by the United States National Library of Medicine. Gallium is available in ultra high pure form of up to 8N or 99.999999% purity.

Germanium (Ge)

Germanium (Ge) is a silvery-white, bright, brittle semi-metal. It is a poor conductor of electricity, has a high index of refraction and dispersion, and is transparent to infrared radiation. Purity Up to 99.999%

Gold (Au) Metal

Gold (Au) Metal is a soft, ductile, and malleable metal with a characteristic yellow color. It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and is chemically unreactive to most reagents, including oxidation. It is an excellent reflector of infrared and is extremely light-reflective. The freezing point of gold serves as a calibration point for the International Temperature Scales. It is often alloyed with other metals to enhance its strength.

99% up to 99.999%

Graphene Nanoplatelets

Graphene Nanoplatelets are nanoparticles made from graphite that can substitute carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, nano-clays, or other compounds in many composite applications. These nanoparticles consist of small stacks of graphene (3-10 nanometers) that are safer than carbon nano-fibers and nano-tubes and improve reliability, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity while reducing porosity when added to plastics or resins. Graphene Nanoplatelets help products built on them exhibit improved tribology, mechanical, biomedical, gas barrier, flame retardant, and heat convection properties. They can be used with other additives to enhance cost and material efficiency.

Graphene Oxide (GO)

Graphene oxide, also known as graphite oxide, is a compound of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen in variable ratios that is obtained by treating graphite with strong oxidizers. Graphene oxide has many unique properties, including a two-dimensional planar structure, large surface area, chemical and mechanical stability, superb conductivity, and good biocompatibility. It is an insulator and can almost be considered a semiconductor. Purity: 97% - 99% Graphene Oxide Safety Notice: Before using, the user shall determine the product's suitability for its intended use, and the user assumes all risk and liability whatsoever in addition to that.

Hafnium (Hf) Metal

Hafnium (Hf) Metal is a ductile silvery metal that is corrosion resistant. Hafnium has a very high melting point. Hafnium is chemically resemblant to zirconium, found in zirconium minerals, and hafnium’s properties are highly affected by the extent of zirconium impurity. Hafnium is a good absorber of neutrons. 99.7% minimum. Higher purities are available.

Holmium (Ho) Metal

Holmium (Ho) is a rare earth metal that is moderately hard and relatively stable in the air. However, it is reactive with most acids. The metal is relatively soft, malleable, and has the highest magnetic strength of any element. Purity Range 99-99.9%

Indium (In) Metal

Indium (In) Metal is a soft, ductile, malleable, luster-full silvery-white metal. Indium is one of the least abundant minerals on Earth. While it has been found uncombined naturally, it is usually associated with zinc, iron, lead, and copper ores. It retains many physical properties at cryogenic temperatures and acts like tin, emitting a high-pitched sound when bent. It is thermally and electrically conductive. It is found in many fusible alloys. Indium metal also can stick to glass. Purity: 99.9 - 99.999%

Iridium (Ir) Metal

Iridium (Ir) is the most corrosion-resistant material. It is a silvery metal that is unreactive, dense and has a high melting point. It is hard and brittle, with low ductility making it difficult to machine, form, or work. It is mainly used in platinum alloys and a 90/10 platinum-iridium alloy for the standard kilogram mass. Purity 99.9%

Iron (Fe) Metal

Iron metal is a silvery-white, soft metal that encompasses any iron-based powder. It includes carbonyl iron powder and atomized iron powder. Sponge iron can be found here sponge iron powder. Reade offers a range of iron powders including a food grade suitable for iron enrichment.

Lanthanum (La) Metal

Lanthanum (La) is one of the most reactive rare earth metals. It is silvery-white, soft, ductile, and malleable. It oxidizes rapidly when exposed to air and reacts with water temperature dependently. It burns easily when ignited.

Lithium (Li) Metal

Lithium (Li) is a soft, silvery alkali metal. While it is the least reactive of the alkali metals, it reacts vigorously with water. Lithium has the lowest density of all metals; however, it has the highest specific heat of any solid element, making it useful in heat transfer applications.

Lutetium (Lu) Metal & Granules

Lutetium (Lu) is a rare earth metal silvery-white, hard, and dense with a high melting point. Lutetium is relatively stable in the air and reacts slowly with water. Purity 99-99.9%

Magnesium (Mg) Metal

Magnesium (Mg) is a light, moderately hard, silvery-white metal that ignites easily in the air and burns with a bright light. It is strong, has good heat dissipation and dampening, and is easy to weld, forge, cast or machine. It can improve the mechanical, fabrication, and welding characteristics when used as an alloying agent since it has a low density and is the lightest structural metal (a third lighter than aluminum). It also has good electrical properties. Magnesium turnings and chips are produced by milling commercial and high-purity magnesium, keeping size under control to obtain the desired specific surface and reactivity. They are silver-white. initially, but can turn to a dark gray if stored improperly. Purity: Standard purity (99.8% Mg) Ultra-high purity (99.98% Mg)

Magnesium (Mg) Powder

Magnesium (Mg) Powder is a light, moderately hard, silvery-white metal that ignites easily in the air and burns with a bright light. It is strong, has good heat dissipation and dampening, and is easy to weld, forge, cast or machine. It can improve the mechanical, fabrication, and welding characteristics when used as an alloying agent since it has a low density and is the lightest structural metal (a third lighter than aluminum). It also has good electrical properties. Purity: 99.95% ("ultra-pure" magnesium) 99.8% ("pure" magnesium) 99.7% or less (alloyed magnesium)

Manganese (Mn) Metal

Manganese (Mn) Metal is a lustrous, steel-gray metal that resembles iron but is harder and very brittle, making its applications as a pure metal minimal, and mainly used in alloys, such as steel. In steel, manganese greatly improves strength, wear resistance, hardness, and many other qualities, and forms highly ferromagnetic alloys when combined with aluminum and antimony or copper. Typical "as received" Physical Properties of -325 Mesh* Electrolytic Manganese Powder Apparent Density g/cm3: 2.4 - 3.4 Purity: 99.6% up to 99.99%

Molybdenum (Mo) Metal

Molybdenum (Mo) metal is silvery-white and hard but softer and more ductile than tungsten. Molybdenum has a high melting point, good resistance to corrosion, excellent wear and abrasion resistance, and good electrical and thermal conducting properties. It is valuable for alloying, as it improves the hardenability and toughness of quenched and tempered steels. Its powder is dark gray or black lustrous. Purity 99.7% to 99.98%

Natural & Synthetic Graphite Powder

Graphite is a soft dark grey solid of crystallized carbon. Graphite is a good conductor of heat and electricity, and due to the atomic arrangement into easily cleaved layers, graphite is used as a solid lubricant. It is odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, and chemically inert to acids and alkalis under most conditions. Many different standard granulations are available between 5 mesh USS and 0.7 microns

Neodymium (Nd) Metal

Neodymium (Nd) is a rare earth metal that is a soft, malleable, silvery-white metal and tarnishes in the air. It is one of the more reactive rare earth metals. It has a high electrical resistivity and is paramagnetic.

Purity 99-99.999%

Nickel (Ni) Metal

Nickel (Ni) is a lustrous, silvery-white metal with excellent corrosion resistance, even at higher temperatures. It is hard, malleable, ductile, ferromagnetic, and a reasonably charged conductor of heat and electricity. A member of the iron-cobalt group of metals, nickel is extensively used for making stainless steel and other corrosion-resistant alloys.

Niobium (Nb) Metal

Niobium (Nb), also referred to as Columbium, is a silvery metal that is very resistant to corrosion due to a layer of oxide on its surface. It has superconductive properties and is comparatively soft and ductile when very pure. Niobium improves strength when used in alloying. 99.8% up to 99.99%

Osmium (Os) Metal

One of the platinum group metals, osmium (Os), is bluish-white, lustrous, extremely hard, and brittle. It is the densest of all the elements, twice that of lead, making it very hard to fabricate. Its properties make it ideal for combining with other platinum metals to produce very hard alloys. Osmium has the platinum group's highest melting point and lowest vapor pressure. Osmium is relatively inert in ambient conditions; however, Osmium powder or sponge is pyrophoric.

Palladium (Pd) Metal

Palladium (Pd) belongs to the platinum group of metals. Palladium is steel-white in color, except in powder form when it appears black. Palladium resists tarnishing in the air; it is soft and ductile if annealed. Palladium has the lowest density and melting point of the platinum metals and is the most reactive. At room temperature, palladium absorbs up to 900 times its volume of hydrogen.

Phosphorus (P) (Red)

Red phosphorus is a stable, amorphous, non-toxic solid characterized by its deep red color and powdery texture. It is a chain of P₄ molecules. Red phosphorus does not show phosphorescence and is less chemically reactive than white phosphorus. Red phosphorus does not ignite spontaneously but may be ignited by friction, static electricity, heating, or oxidizing agents. Purity: 99.99%

Platinum (Pt) Metal

Platinum (Pt) is a shiny, silvery-white metal that is corrosion-resistant as much so as gold. It is malleable and ductile when pure.

Potassium (K) Metal

Potassium is silvery-white, soft, and light. It is the second lightest-known metal besides lithium. It has a low melting point and good conductor of heat and electricity. Potassium imparts a lavender color to a flame, and its vapor is green. It is usually not found in its native form in nature but in minerals in igneous rocks, shale, and sediment. It is one of the most electropositive metals, so it, like other alkali metals, is extremely reactive, decomposing rapidly in water, where it can ignite spontaneously. Purity: 98-99.5%

Praseodymium (Pr) Metal

Praseodymium (Pr) is a rare earth metal that is soft, silvery-yellow, malleable, and ductile. It is more corrosion-resistant in the air than other rare earth metals. Praseodymium is never found free in nature, appearing only in a combined form with other rare earth metals in various minerals. Praseodymium forms brightly colored compounds. Purity 99-99.9%

Rhenium (Re) Metal

Rhenium (Re) is a very dense metal with a very high melting point second only to tungsten. It retains its crystalline structure at temperatures up to its melting point. Rhenium resists wear and withstands arc corrosion. It is gray to black in powder form, silvery-white, and lustrous as a solid. Purity 99.99%

Rhodium (Rh) Metal

Rhodium (Rh) is a silvery-white metal in the platinum group. It has a very reflective surface. It is very hard, durable, and highly resistant to corrosion. It is harder and has a higher melting point than platinum and palladium, making it a useful hardening element in alloying. Rhodium has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of the group. Purities Available: 99.8% to 99.95%

Rubidium (Rb) Metal

Rubidium (Ru) is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal. It is very electropositive and alkaline. Rubidium forms amalgams with mercury and alloys with gold, cesium, sodium, and potassium. It is highly reactive, igniting spontaneously in air and reacting vigorously in water. Rubidium has a high heat capacity and heat transfer coefficient. Purity 99.9%

Ruthenium (Ru) Metal

Ruthenium (Ru) Metal, a member of the platinum group, is a hard, lustrous, white metal that does not tarnish at room temperatures and is inert to most other chemicals. It does not occur natively but in combination with other platinum group metals. Ruthenium combines with platinum and palladium as an effective hardener, creating extremely wear-resistant alloys. It improves the corrosion resistance of titanium and is superconductive when combined with molybdenum Purity 99.9%

Samarium (Sm) Metal

Samarium (Sm) is a rare earth metal that does not occur freely in nature. It is a lustrous, brittle, silvery-yellow metal that tarnishes in the air and rapidly dissolves in most acids. Samarium has unique magnetic properties. Purity 99-99.9%

Scandium (Sc) Metal

Scandium (Sc) is a silvery metal that tarnishes in the air, burns easily, and reacts with water. It is relatively soft and chemically similar to other rare earth metals and, while distributed widely, is not abundant. Scandium is lightweight, and its high melting point suggests applications within the aircraft industry. Purity 99-99.9%

Selenium (Se)

Amorphous selenium is either a reddish powder, a gray metallic-looking solid, or a black, vitreous solid. This element resembles sulfur in its various forms and in its compounds. Selenium has many electrical properties, both photovoltaic, where light converts to electricity, and photoconductive, where electrical resistance decreases with increased illumination. It can also convert AC electricity to DC electricity. Purity: 99.5% to 99.99%

Silicon (Si)

Silicon (Si) is a semi-metal and one of the most useful elements to mankind. When ultrapure, it is solid; it has a blue-gray metallic sheen. Silicon is one of the most abundant elements on earth and is a semiconductor. Crystalline bulk silicon is inert but becomes more reactive at high temperatures. Purity 98%-99.995%

Silver (Ag) Metal

Silver (Ag) is a relatively soft, shiny metal that is more ductile and malleable than any other metal, excluding gold. Silver is the best reflector of visible light known (until air causes it to tarnish). In pure air and water, it is stable. Silver has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of all metals. Silver has antibacterial properties. Purity: 99.5% to 99.999%

Single Crystal Diamonds

Single crystal diamond is a manufactured product for industrial applications and produced by a high pressure/high temperature (HPHT) synthesis process and tightly controlled crystal growth conditions. Repeatable physical characteristics and dimensional consistency are the notable features of a synthetic single-crystal diamond. Diamond excels in its electronic properties and has high thermal conductivity and chemical stability.

Single Crystals

Reade offers a variety of single-crystal elements and compounds. These materials have a continuous and consistent crystal lattice throughout the sample with no grain boundaries. Chemical and physical properties will vary depending on the crystal. Numerous shape and size options are available, please specify the size in the comments. Purities are as high as 99.999%, down to low-purity recycled abrasive grains or powders.

Sodium (Na) Metal

Sodium, (Na) metal is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal that appears wax-like at room temperature and is brittle when cold. Sodium, extremely reactive, tarnishes within seconds of being exposed to the air. It also reacts vigorously with water. Sodium has excellent electrical conductivity and is an important heat transfer agent. The ionic form is vital to animal life. Purity from 99.95%

Sponge Iron

Sponge iron, or direct reduced iron (DRI), is a highly porous, irregularly shaped sponge-like form of iron. It typically has lower bulk density and higher surface area than conventional powders (atomized or carbonyl). It is of high consistency and purity and has high green strength and low growth. Our sponge iron powders have fairly low carbon content (<1%) and typically >97% purity or higher.

Strontium (Sr) Metal

Strontium Metal (Sr) is a silvery-colored alkaline earth metal with physical and chemical properties similar to others in its family. It is a soft, silvery metal chemically reactive with oxygen and water. It is kept under mineral oil to prevent oxidation, which causes the metal to turn yellowish. Finely powdered strontium metal is pyrophoric. Strontium salts impart a bright red color when burned and are used in flares and pyrotechnics. Purity: 99.5% - 99.9%

Sulfur (S)

Sulfur (S) is an element with several allotropes, the most common, S₈, appears as a yellow, odorless, and brittle crystalline solid at room temperature. It is not reflective, has a relatively low melting point, and is a good electrical insulator. Sulfur is so widely used in industrial processes that its consumption often is regarded as a reliable indicator of industrial activity. Purity: 85% - 99.9%

Tantalum (Ta) Metal

Tantalum (Ta) is a shiny, silvery-gray, heavy, and very hard metal with a color like platinum when polished. It is very resistant to corrosion. It has good thermal conductivity, a high melting point, superior gettering characteristics, and good "valve" action. Purity: 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%, and 99.995%

Tellurium (Te)

Tellurium (Te) is a brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white metalloid that is crystalline. It has low electronegativity, is a p-type semiconductor, and shows greater conductivity in certain directions. Typical Purity: 99.5%, 99.99%, 99.9985%, 99.999%, and 99.9999+%

Terbium (Tb) Metal

Terbium (Tb) is a soft, silvery rare earth metal. It is one of the least abundant rare earth metals. It is malleable, ductile, and soft; it can be cut with a knife. Terbium is relatively stable in air but is more reactive in powder form. Purity 99-99.9%

Thallium (Tl) Metal

Thallium (Tl) is a soft, silvery-white metal that tarnishes easily; its use is limited due to its toxicity. Thallium is very soft and malleable, inelastic, and heavy. Purity: 99.9%, 99.99%, and 99.999%

Thulium (Tm) Metal

Thulium (Tm)is a rare earth metal and is one of the least abundant rare earth elements. It is silvery-gray, soft, malleable, ductile, and can be cut with a knife. The pure metal is bright and lustrous, and reasonably stable in air. Purity 99%

Tin (Sn) Metal

Tin (Sn) is a silvery-white, lustrous, malleable, ductile metal that changes slowly to a more brittle form below 55°F (13°C). Tin's chemical resistance and ability to be highly polished make it useful for coating other metals to prevent corrosion. Tin Powder is available in a near-teardrop particle shape. Tin nanopowder is available in a spherical particle shape. Purity >99.5% tin; Apparent density 2.0 g/cc to 4.0 g/cc

Titanium (Ti) Metal

Titanium (Ti) Metal is hard, shiny, and as strong as steel but less dense, giving it a high strength-to-weight ratio. It is a ductile metal that is paramagnetic and conducts heat and electricity relatively low compared to other metals. Titanium has excellent corrosion resistance. Titanium Sponge is an intermediate product used to produce titanium ingot, which in turn is used to make slab, billet, bar, plate, sheet, and other titanium mill products. Typical Purities: 93%, 99.7%, 99%, 99+%, 99.99%, 99.995%, and 99.999%, Ti-6Al-4V

Tungsten (W) Metal

Tungsten is steel-gray to tin-white dense metal and, when very pure, can be forged, spun, drawn, and extruded. Tungsten is resistant to corrosion and stable in dry air at room temperature. Tungsten's melting point exceeds that of all other metals, and it has the lowest vapor pressure and retains its tensile strength even at extreme temperatures. Tungsten has the lowest coefficient of thermal expansion of any pure metal. Tungsten is mostly non-reactive, so it has corrosion resistance and is attacked only slightly by mineral acids. Purity: 99.9%, 99.95%, and 99.999%

Vanadium (V) Metal

Vanadium is bright, silvery-white, soft, and ductile, and does not tarnish in the air nor is it affected by moisture at room temperature (above 660ºC, it readily oxidizes). The metal is very resistant to corrosion and has good structural strength.80% of the vanadium produced is used as a steel additive. Vanadium’s low neutron-absorbing properties make its alloys useful in nuclear reactors. Purity: 99.5%, 99.7%, and 99.9%

Ytterbium (Yb) Metal

Ytterbium is used as a dopant to help improve the mechanical properties of stainless steel. It is also used as a doping material in specialty lasers. Other areas where Ytterbium is being used are memory devices and as an industrial catalyst to replace other catalysts considered too toxic and polluting due to its chemical racing ability.

Yttrium (Y) Metal

Yttrium (Y) is a moderately soft, ductile, silvery rare earth metal. It is quite stable in the air and is reactive with most acids. Purity 99-99.9%

Zero-Valent Iron

Zero-Valent Iron (ZVI / NZVI / EZVI) is a form of elemental iron that reduces inorganic ions in water because ZVI is fairly reactive in water and can serve as an excellent electron donor. Zero-valent iron (ZVI) has been successfully used for the degradation of a wide range of organic contaminants in groundwaters in recent years, including selenium (Se), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg), and many other pollutants. The rate of degradation of contaminants may be enhanced by the use of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles which possess higher surface area than the more widely used granular materials. nZVI can also be used to create Emulsified Zero-valent Iron for groundwater treatment.

Zinc (Zn) Metal

Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous metal with fair electrical conductivity. It is brittle at room temperature but malleable at 100 to 150ºC. Zinc is used predominantly as an alloy with other metals to galvanize them to prevent rusting. Various purities are available between 99.9% to 99.9999%.

Zirconium (Zr) Metal

Zirconium (Zr) Metal is a lustrous, gray-white, strong transition metal that resembles titanium and is very corrosion resistant. It is a highly flammable solid and a dust explosion hazard. Zirconium does not absorb neutrons, making it an ideal material for nuclear power stations, where more than 90% of zirconium is used.

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